INCWAJANA YOKUTHWASISA
ISAHLUKO 2
Ukubopha
OKUMUMETHWEKO
UKUBOPHA
Umtlamo Wesifundo
Iminqopho
Yini Umnqopho Wokubopha Umuntu
Ubotjhwa Njani Umuntu
Amalungelo Womuntu Obotjhiweko
Ukuqintelwa Kwamalungelo Womuntu Obotjhiweko
Ukusetjenziswa Kwamandla Nakubotjhwa Umuntu
Imithetjhwana Elawula Ukusetjenziswa Kwamandla Nakubotjhwa
Umuntu
Izinto Ekufuze Ziqalwe Nakusetjenziswa Amandla Ukubopha
Umuntu
Ngemva Kokusetjenziswa Kwamandla, Ikhotho Ingahlola Amaphuzu
Amane
Amapholisa Angamdumuza Nakwenzenjani Umsolwa Obalekako
Ukusetjenziswa Kwamandla Ukusetjha Umuntu Obotjhiweko
Ividiyo Ngokubotjhwa Komuntu
Isirhunyezo / Imibuzo
Amathranspharensi
Umthombo Welwazi Nemitlolo Ekuphakanyiswa Bona Uyifunde
UKUBOPHA
UMTLAMO WESIFUNDO
Okungaphakathi Ekufuze Ukwenze Isikhathi
Iminqopho
Yini Umnqopho Wokubopha Umuntu
Ubotjhwa Njani Umuntu
Amalungelo Womuntu Obotjhiweko
Ukuqintelwa Kwamalungelo Womuntu Obotjhiweko
Ukusetjenziswa Kwamandla Nakubotjhwa Umuntu
Imithetho Yokusetjenziswa Kwamandla Nakubotjhwa Umuntu
Izinto Eziqalwako Nakusetjenziswa Amandla Nakubotjhwa Umuntu
Ngemva Kokusetjenziswa Kwamandla Amakhotho Angaqalisisa Izinto Ezine
Amapholisa Angamdumuza Nini Umsolwa Obalekako
Ukusetjenziswa Kwamandla Ukusetjha Umuntu Obotjhiweko
Ividiyo Ngokubotjhwa Komuntu
Isirhunyezo / Imibuzo
Umsebenzi 2.1: Funda iminqopho
Umsebenzi 2.2: Iinqhenyana zababili ngababili
Umsebenzi 2.3: Ukubonisana
Umsebenzi 2.4: Ukubonisana
Umsebenzi 2.5: Iinqhenyana
Umsebenzi 2.6: Ukubonisana
Umsebenzi 2.7: Ukubonisana
Umsebenzi 2.8: Ividiyo
Umsebenzi 2.9: Imibuzo / Ukubonisana
Imizuzu ema-45
Imizuzu ema-20
IMINQOPHO
Ekupheleni kwalesisahluko umfundi kufuze bona akghone ukuveza bona selasazi ngalokhu okulandelako, befuthi selakwazi nokukuhlonipha:
Ilungelo lokukhululeka komuntu kunye nokuphepha komuntu;
Amalungelo womuntu obotjhiweko ngokomThethosisekelo;
Iindlela okungizo nezilungileko zokubopha umuntu; kunye
Nokusetjenziswa kwamandla ngendlela elungileko nakubotjhwa umuntu ngeenqhenyana zokubonisana neenqhenyana ezikhamba ngababili ngababili.
YINI UMNQOPHO WOKUBOPHA UMUNTU
Ukubopha umuntu yindlela esemthethweni yokwenza iqiniso lokuthi umsolwa obotjhwako loyo uya ekhotho. Nokho-ke umuntu obotjhiweko kuthathwa bona umsulwa, bekuvezwe ubufakazi bokuthi unomlandu. Ngesibanga salokhu-ke, woke umuntu obotjhiweko kufuze bona aphathwe njengomuntu, njebona kusitjho umthetho.
Kunamaphowusta wemigwalo ngamalungelo wabantu ababotjhiweko. Iphowusta yalokhu kufuze bona ibekwe emthangaleni ngaphambi kobana kuthome isifundo.
Indima Ekuqalwe Kiyo
Indinyana 2.1
Iminqopho
Umnqopho womsebenzi lo kuveza iminqopho yesifundwesi.
Amanothi Womethuli
Fundela abafundi iminqopho.
Babuze bona bayayizwa na iminqopho obafundele yona.
Hlathulula la kufuneka khona.
Khumbula
Bona iSigaba 38 somThetho wezoBulelesi sineendlela zemibandela ebuya nganeno ngokuqina kunemibandela yokubopha kobanyana umsolwa azokwazi ukuyokufika ekhotho. Iindlelezi-ke kufuze bona zicatjangelwe nazo bona angekhe zasetjenziswa na, ngaphambi kobana ipholisa licabange ukubopha, ngombana isigaba 36 (e) somThethosisekelo sithi kufuze bona uqale iindlela ezinganamibandela eqine khulu ntanzi, ngaphambi kobana ungambopha umuntu, bona abe akghone ukuyokufika ekhotho. Lokhu-ke kutjho bona ukubopha umuntu kufuze bona kube ligadango lokugcina umuntu adanela kilo, sekubhale koke.
Isigaba 38 somThetho wezoBulelesi.
Iindlela zokwenza iqiniso lokuthi umsolwa uyafika ekhotho ekugwetjweni komlandu ngilezi:
Kukumbopha;
Kukumthumelela idarhfari
Isaziso esitloliweko; kunye
Ukwethweswa umlandu ngokuya kweenjamiso ezifaneleko zalomThetho.
Ukubopha umuntu akusindlela yokususa umuntu emphakathini kwesikhatjhana njengendlela yokuthanyela indawo leyo, kanti godu akusiyo indlela yokusozisa umuntu.
Umsebenzi 2.2
Indima Ekuqalwe Kiyo
Indinyana 2.2 nendinyana 2.3
Iminqopho
Umnqopho womsebenzi lo kubonisana ngomnqopho wokubopha umuntu nezinye iindlela zokwenza bona umsolwa ayokufika ekhotho.
Amanothi Womethuli
Bawa abafundi bona babonisane ngemibuzo elandelako le ngeenqhenyana zababili ngababili (imizuzu emihlanu):
Yini umnqopho wokubopha umuntu
Utjho bonani umthetho othi umuntu umsulwa bekutholakale ubufakazi obuveza umlandwakhe
Ngiziphi ezinye iindlela ezingasetjenziselwa ukwenza iqiniso lokuthi ummangalelwa uya ekhotho ngaphandle kokumbopha
Bawa abafundi bakubikele ngalokho abacocisene ngakho. Bonisana nabo bese wenza isirhunyezo (Imizuzu emihlanu)
Izinto Ekufuze Uzisebenzise Nawenza Isirhunyezo
Incwajana yamaLungelo wobuNtu nobuPholilsa, amakhasi 27-29.
Isigaba 38 somThetho wezobuLelesi.
Umthetho Osuselwa Emilandwini Yaphambilini
Ubumsulwa bomuntu bekutholakale ubufakazi obufakazela ukuba nomlandu.
Ikambiso ethatha bona umuntu umsulwa bekuvele ubufakazi bokuthi unomlandu nakube unawo ikhambisana nelungelo lokuzivikela ekuzibophiseni, nelokuthula ummangalelwa/umsolwa nakabuzwa imibuzo.
Ummangalelwa akusi msebenzakhe ukulekelela abatjhutjhisi ukuwina umlandu abawugwebako. Nakube abatjhutjhisi babeka umuntu umlandu, kufuze bona baveze ubufakazi obunganakurhiniza bona umuntu obekwa umlandu loyo nangambala unomlandu.
UBOTJHWA NJANI UMUNTU
Umuntu angabotjhwa ngencwadi enikela amandla wokuthi abotjhwe, namkha abotjhwe ngaphandle kwayo. Khumbula-ke nokho bona nanyana kunjalo, kodwanana kuhlala kungcono bona uthole incwadi yokubopha umuntu ngaphambi kobana uyombopha. Ubuhle bokuthoma ngokuthola incwadi yokubopha ngaphambi kokubopha umuntu kbona amapholisa ayaphepha ekubotjhiselweni ukubopha ngokungasimthetho, kanti godu ukuba nencwadi yokubopha kuqinisekisa bona umuntu obotjhwako ubotjhwa ngomthetho, nokutholakala kobufakazi bomlandu abotjhelwa wona nabo butholakale ngokomthetho. Incwadi yokubopha umuntu ingatholakala kumarhastrada namkha kusiphathimandla sezobulungiswa; nakukhulunywa ngesiphathimandla sezobulungiswa kutjhiwo ipholisa elithunywe ukwenza umsebenzi onjalo lesikhundla sikakapteyini ukuya phezulu.
Zinengi-ke izehlakalo la umuntu angabotjhwa khona ngaphandle kwencwadi yokubopha. Ezinye zezehlakalo ezinjalo zihlathululwe kusigaba 40 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi. Khumbula godu nokuthi ukhona nomthetho ovumako bona umuntu angabotjhwa ngaphandle kwencwadi yokubopha, njengesigaba 40 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi.
Indlela yokubotjhwa komuntu ihlathululwa kusigaba 39 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi. Indlela leyo-ke ingahlathululwa ngalindlela ngokurhunyeziweko:
Umuntu angabotjhwa ngencwadi yokubopha (sigaba 39 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi) namkha abotjhwe ngaphandle kwencwadi yokubopha (sigaba 40 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi).
Akunasidingo sokumthinta umuntu nakube uyathamba azinikele ekubotjhweni.
Nakufumaniseka bona umuntu obotjhwako uyanghanghabala akafuni ukubotjhwa, kungasetjenziswa amandla ukumbopha, kodwana nakhona kufuze bona kube mamandla anele ukwenza umuntu loyo abopheke kwaphela.
Msinyana nakaqeda ukubotjhwa umuntu, umuntu ombophileko kufuze bona atjele umuntu obotjhiweko loyo bona ubotjhelweni.
Nakube umuntu ubotjhwa ngencwadi yokubopha, kufuze anikelwe ikhophi yencwadi yokubopha leyo, nakube uyayifuna.
Khumbula:
Umuntu obotjhiweko kufuze aziswe msinyana ngokungakghonalako ngamalungelo wakhe aqinisekiswe yi-sigaba 35 nesigaba 35 somThethosisekelo. Ipholisa kufuze lazise belihlathululele umuntu obotjhiweko ngawo woke amalungelo wakhe, belenze nesiqiniseko sokobana umuntu loyo uwazwisisa kuhle amalungelwakhe ahlathululelwa wona, ngokweSigaba 35 somThethosisekelo.
Umsebenzi 2.3
Imizuzu ema-40
Indima Ekuqalwe Kiyo
Iminqopho
Umnqopho womsebenzi lo kukwenza amapholisa acabange ngamalungelo womuntu obotjhiweko, acabange nangemisebenzi yawo esibopho, nangemisebenzi esibopho ekufuze yenziwe babantu ababotjhiweko.
Amanothi Womethuli
Hlukanisa abafundi ngeenqhenyana ezincazana, ezingadluliko ebantwini abahlanu isiqhema ngasinye, bese ubawa iinqhemezo bona zibonisane ngemibuzo nasi elandelako:
Ngiyiphi indlela elungileko yokubopha umuntu
Ngimaphi amalungelo nokuziphendulela ekufuze yenziwe babantu ababotjhiweko
Uyini umsebenzi osibopho phezu kwamapholisa nakabopha umuntu
Yini ipholisa ekufuze likutjele umuntu nalimbophako
Bawa iinqhema ngokwahlukana kwazo bona zitlole iimpendulo zazo phasi. Imizuzu eli-10.
Esinye nesinye isiqhema asikutjele ngomsebenzi ebesibonisana ngawo komunye nomunye umbuzo. Bawa isiqhema ngasinye bona sikunikele ipendulo yinye, bese udlulela kesinye isiqhema, bewuzithole zoke iimpendulo. Imizuzu eli-15.
Bonisanani ngamalungelo, nikhulumisane nangokhunye, bese wenza isirhunyezo. Imizuzu eli-13.
Izinto Ekufuze Uzisebenzise Nawenza Isirhunyezo
Isigaba 35 somThethosisekelo.
Isigaba 39 somThetho wemiLandu yobuLelesi
Incwajana yamaLungelo wobuNtu nobuPholisa, ikhasi 29
Ikombandlela encazana ngamaLungelo wobuNtu nangomSebenzi wamaPholisa, amakhasi 18-21.
Wena nomThethosisekelo, ikhasi 19.
AMALUNGELO WOMUNTU OBOTJHIWEKO
Umuntu obotjhiweko soke isikhathi kuthathwa bona umsulwa, bekutholwe ubufakazi obufakazela bona unomlandu, nakube unawo, ngalokho-ke kufuze bona soke isikhathi aphathwe ngehlonipho, kuqalelelwe ilungelo lakhe lokuphila ngekululeko nangokuphepha.
Ukubotjhwa komuntu kuwaqintelisa kumbi amalungelo wakhe wobuntu. Ukubotjhwa kuqintelisa amalungelo womuntu ahlukahluhlukeneko. Amanye wamalungelo angaqakatheke khulu aqinteliseka ngesibanga sokubotjhwa ngilawa:
Isithunzi Somuntu (ISigaba 10 somThethosisekelo)
Boke abantu kufuze bona baphathwe ngehlonipho, nangesithunzi. Ipholisa akukafaneli limfungele namkha limthuke umuntu elimbophako, akukafaneli nokuthi limkhulumise ngelimi elikhahlumezako, ngombana lokho kuzabe kukukwephula ilungelo lakhe lokuhlonitjhwa kwesithunzi sakhe. Ipholisa nalingahloniphi isithunzi somuntu, kulula bona lingawasebenzisa kumbi amandlalo namkha isikhundla salo. Indlela ipholisa eliziphatha ngayo iqalwa ngokuthonyaniswa nemibandela yesigaba 10 somThethosisekelo.
Ikululeko Nokuvikeleka Kwabantu (Isigaba 12 somThethosisekelo)
Ilungelo lokuthi umuntu aphile ngekululeko nangokuphepha litjho nelungelo lokuphila kuhle ngokupheleleko emzimbeni nengqondweni.
Lokhu-ke kutjho bona umzimba womuntu nengqondwakhe kulawulwa nguye. Ilungelo lokuvikelwa ekukhahlunyezweni ngomzimba nangengqondo litjho nokuthi akunamuntu ozase abotjhelwe, avalelwe namkha asetjhelwe butjhwileni ngamanye amagama akunamuntu ekufuze abotjhwe ngaphandle kobana kutjho umThetho wePalamende namkha umthetho ongakatlolwa phasi.
Ngokuphelela kwalo ilungelo lomuntu, litjho ilungelo lomuntu lokuvikelwa ezenzweni zombuso zokumthathela amagadango, kesinye isikhathi ezingephula amalungelo wakhe namkha ziliyane nelungelo lokuphila kuhle ngokupheleleko emzimbeni nengqondweni.
Ilungelo Lekululeko Yokuzikhambela Lapha Umuntu Athanda Khona (Isigaba 21 somThethosisekelo)
ISigaba 21 somThethosisekelo: Ikululeko Yokuzikhambela Lapha Umuntu Athanda Khona Neyokuzihlalela La Umuntu Athanda Khona.
Omunye nomunye unelungelo lokukhamba la athanda khona
Lezi-ke ziimbonelo zamanye wamalungelo angaqinteliswa. Akhona-ke namanye amalungelo angaqinteliswa ngokubotjhwa, njengakusigaba 14 (Ipilo yomuntu yangeqadi), isigaba 18 (Ukuhlanganyela nabanye abantu) namanye-ke amalungelo aqinteliswe ngezinye iindlela.
KHUMBULA
Umuntu obotjhiweko uthoma ukuba namalungelo nakabotjhwako ngokwesigaba 35 , ne somThethosisekelo.
IKULUMISWANO NGAMALUNGELO ATHILEKO
Ukuthula
Ilungelo lokuthula umuntu angaphenduli imibuzo abuzwa yona linikela umuntu obotjhiweko ilungelo lokuzikhethela ukuthula angenzisi isitatimende, befuthi nemibuzo nayo angayiphenduli namkha azikhethele ukwenzisa isitatimende namkha aphendule imibuzo abuzwa yona. Ukuzithulela kutjho nokuthi umuntu obotjhiweko angazithulela angatjho litho ngomlandu okuzwakala batjho wenziwe, kodwana-ke nokho nanyana kunjalo, umuntu ozithulelako loyo ukatelelekile ukobana anikele bomthetho ibizo lakhe, abanikele ne-adresi yalapho ahlala khona nakuthiwa bomthetho la kubalwe namapholisa ngokwawo. Sigaba 41 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi.
Bona umuntu obotjhiweko akwazi ukuzikhethela lokho azikhethela khona ngelwazi, umThethosisekelo uyasikatelela isiphathimandla esibopha umuntu bona sazise umuntu esimbophako loyo bona ungaba yini umphumela wokungathuli nakabuzwa imibuzo. Lokhu-ke kutjho bona nakube umuntu ukhetha ukwenzisa isitatimende, umuntu loyo kufuze bona ayeleliswe bona isitatimendeso sizakutlolwa phasi, ngalokho-ke singasetjenziswa njengobufakazi ekhotho.
Amanothi
Umthetho Osuselwa Emilandwini Yaphambilini
Ukuvuma Imilandu / Isibopho Sokutjengisa Bona Umuntu Ukhuluma Iqiniso
Nakube umsolwa/ummangalelwa uthi wavuma umlandu bona akatelelwe, waphaliselwa amandla, wazwiswa ubuhlungu, wathuselwa bonyana awuvume umlandu namkha wathenjiswa okuthileko nakangavuma umlandu (ngamanye amagama nakube umlandu akakawuvumi ngokuzithandela, akhululekile), akunasidingo sokobana aveze ubufakazi bokuthi umlandu uwuvume angathandi.
Bezokutjhutjhisa (amapholisa) nomtjhutjhisi ngibo-ke ekufuze bona baveze ubufakazi bokuthi umsolwa/ummangalelwa uzivumele umlandu ngokuthanda kwakhe phambi kwakamarhistrada, ngaphandle kokugandelelwa.
Umsolwa Akukafaneli Bona Akatelelwe Ukuvuma Umlandu Angafuni
Akunamuntu ekufuze bona akatelelwe ukuvuma umlandu angafuni. Nakube umuntu uyakatelelwa bona enzise isitatimende, isitatimendeso angeke sivumakale (angeke samukelwe njengobufakazi) ekhotho. (Iingaba 217 no-219 A zomThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi).
Ukubawa Ibheyili
Ibheyili yindlela yokwehlisa ukuqinteliswa kwamalungelo womuntu wekululeko nawokuphepha (sigaba 12 somThethosisekelo). Ibheyili godu iyindlela yokuqinisekisa bona umuntu obotjhiweko loyo uzakugwetjwa. Abasolwa bangakhutjhwa ngebheyili yamapholisa (emilandwini emincazana, engasimimbi khulu) namkha benze isibawo sokubheyila kumtjhutjhisi namkha ekhotho yomthetho.
IRHULUPHELO YOMTHETHOBULUNGISWA
Umuntu obotjhiweko unelungelo lokutjhatjhululwa ekubotjhweni nakube ukutjhatjhululwa kwakhe kuzakuba lisizo erhuluphelweni yomthethobulungiswa, ngokwemibandela ezwakalako (iSigaba 35 (f) somThethosisekelo). Ilungelo lokutjhatjhululwa namkha ngaphandle kwayo, ngapahndle kwalokha ikareko yomthethobulungiswa ifuna ngenye indlela, likhambisana khulu nelungelo lekululeko nokuphepha lomuntu kanye nelungelo lokuthathwa njengomsulwa bewufunyanwe unomlandu yikhotho ekghona ukwenza lokho.
Ukutjhatjhululwa komuntu obotjhiweko angeke kukhambisane neenrhuluphelo zomthethobulungiswa nayikuthi amanye amabanga atjhiwo esigabeni 60 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu wobuLelesi akhona:
Nakube umuntu obotjhiweko (ummangalelwa) uzakuba yingozi ekuphepheni komphakathi namkha nakube uzakuba yingozi emuntwini othileko namkha nakube uzakuba yingozi erhuluphelweni yomthethobulungiswa, namkha nakube kunengozi yokuthi angenza umlandu wetjhejuli 1.
Nakube umuntu obotjhiweko kubonakala bona kunengozi yokuthi angalinga ukubalekela ukuyokugwetjwa.
Nakube umuntu obotjhiweko uzakulinga ukufaka abofakazi ummoya, namkha nakube uzakuthusela abofakazi, namkha nakube kunengozi yokuthi angafihla namkha abulale ubufakazi.
Nakube ummangalelwa uzakukhisimeza iminqopho yokusebenza kuhle kwehlelo lomthetho wekambiso yemilandu yobulelesi, sekubalwa nehlelo lokubheyila.
Amanothi Womethuli
Buza abafundi bona bayawazi na umehluko hlangana kokuvuma iqiniso nokwamukela bona umuntu wonile.
Ukuvuma bona umuntu wonile kuvuma koke okukhambisana nomlandu ngaphandle kwamabanga enza kufanele. Nakwenziwa ekhotho yomthetho, kufana nokuvuma bona unomlandu.
Ukwamukela kusitatimende namkha indlela yokuziphatha ethileko yokwenza engamkhisimeza umuntu owamukelako loyo (njengokwamukela okukhambisana nomlandu), kodwanana nokho akutjho ukuvuma bona umuntu wonile.
Imizuzu ema-20
Umnqopho
Umnqopho womsebenzi lo kubonisana ngebheyili.
Amanothi Womethuli
Bawa abafundi bona babonisane ngombuzo lo nangemithethokambiso esetjenziswa nakwenziwa isibawo sebheyili.
Umuntu obotjhiweko angayibawa nakunjani ibheyili, kuphi
Iimpendulo Ezingaba Ngezilungileko:
Ibheyili Ekhotho
Umuntu obotjhiweko kufuze bona atjelwe msinyana ngelungelo lakhe lokubawa ibheyili (ISigaba 50 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi).
UmThetho wesiBili oTjhugulula umThetho ka-1997 weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi (umThetho weNomboro 85 ka-1997) owathoma ngomhlaka 1 ku-Arhostosi ngo-1998, watjhugulula okuthileko kwekambiso yokubheyila. Isibawo sebheyili kufuze bona siyiswe ekhotho kusemini; lokhu-ke kutjho ukusukela ngo-09:00 ukuyokufikela ku-16:00.
Lokhu-ke kutjho bona isibawo sebheyili asisasiwa ekhotho ngemva kwesikhathi somsebenzi.
Ibheyili Yamapholisa
Abasolwa bangavulelwa ngebheyili yamapholisa (ngemilandu emincani, engasimimbi kangako). Ibheyili yamapholisa-ke yona nokho iyatholakala nangemva kwesikhathi somsebenzi. Nakube ipholisa alikghoni ukunikela umuntu obotjhiweko ibheyili ngokwesigaba 59 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi namkha nakube ipholisa libhala ukubheyilisa umuntu, ipholiselo kufuze lithathe umuntu obotjhiweko limuse ekhotho kobanyana ayokubawa ibheyili msinyana ngokungakghonakalako. Khumbula-ke bona ibheyili enjalo yenziwa kwaphela ngesikhathi somsebenzi.
Bona msinyana ngokungakghonalako kutjho msinyana ngendlela ekghonalako ebujamweni bezinto obuthileko. Lapha-ke singalinganisa ngokuthi ipholisa nalibophele umuntu ukutjhayela asele, kufuze bona lithome ngokusa umuntu loyo kudorhodere wesiyingi kobanyana ayomhlola iingazi, ngaphambi kobana umuntu loyo lingamusa ekhotho. Ibanga lalokhu-ke kbona umuntu osolelwa bona ubetjhayela asele kufuze bona adoswe iingazi kungakapheli ama-awa amabili abotjhiwe.
Ibheyili Yabatjhutjhisi
Abasolwa bangavulelwa nangebheyili enikelwa batjhutjhusi bombuso. Lomhlobo webheyili-ke uyenziwa nangemva kwesikhathi somsebenzi, kodwana nokho ayikwazi ukufunwa mumuntu obotjhiweko, iba siqunto esithathwa lipholisa. Nanyana ipholisa elibophe umuntu lizikhethela bona liyambheyilisa umuntu namkha alimbheyilisi, kuyeleliswa bona ibheyili inikelwe nakukghonekako. Umtjhutjhisi kufuze bona abonisane nepholisa eliphethe umlandu ngaphambi kobana umuntu obotjhiweko anganikelwa ibheyili.
UmThetho wesiBili oTjhugulula umThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi wangezelela ibanga lesihlanu kusigaba 60 , esithi ikhotho ingaqalelela amaphuzu athileko:
la ebujameni obuhlukileko kubonakala kungenzeka khona bona ukuvulelwa kommangalelwa kungahle kuphazamise ukuhlaliseka komphakathi namkha kuphazamise ukuthula komphakathi, namkha kufake ukuphepha komphakathi engozini.
Isigaba 60 (8A) esitja singezelelwa emThethweni weKambiso yemaLandu yobuLelesi ukuhlathulula amaphuzu ikhotho engawaqalelela:
ISigaba 60 (8A)
Ekuqaleni bona amabanga asesigatjaneni (e) akhona, ikhotho ingaqalelela amaphuzu alandelako la kukghonakala khona:
a. bona ubunjalo bomlandu namkha ubujamo umlandu owenziwe kibo kungenzeka na buthuse namkha busilinge umphakathi la wenziwe khona;
b. bona kghani ummangalelwa nange angavulelwa ukuvulelwa kwakhe angeze kwawethusa namkha kusilinge umphakathi, kubangele nokuthi kuphazamiseke ukuhlaliseka komphakathi na;
c. bona kghani ummangalelwa angeze angena engozini nange angavulelwa na;
d. bona kghani ukuthula nokuphepha komphakathi angeze kwaphazamiseka na nange ummangalelwa angavulelwa;
e. bona kghani ukuvulelwa kommangalelwa angeze kwenza umphakathi ulahlekelwe lithemba ehlelweni lomthetho olwa nobulelesi na; namkha f. bona kghani likhona na elinye iphuzu ekufuze litjhejwe, ngokubona kwekhotho.
Nakube elinye namkha amanye wamabanga avezwe ngehlapha akhona, ipholisa libophekile bona liyirarhe ibheyili. Lokhu-ke kutjho bona kufuze uphenye uphenyisise nakube ufuna ukuphikisa ibheyili.
Okuqakathekileko
Nakwenziwa isibawo sebheyili, ikhotho ingatshwilisa ukulalela isibaweso ngesikhathi esingabe sifike emalangeni alikhomba, ngokwesigaba 50 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi. Nakube ikhotho iyakutshwilisa ukulalelwa kwesibawo sebheyili, isikhatheso ungasisebenzisela ukubuthelela ubufakazi ozabufuna ukuphikisa isibawo sebheyili. Nanyana ummangalelwa anelungelo lokubheyiliswa nje, begodu angeke avinjelwa ukwenza isibawo sebheyili ekhotho nje, kodwana nokho kunoburhiyarhiyana bemisetjenzana ekufuze bona yenziwe ngaphambi kobana umuntu angasiwa ekhotho kobanyana ayokwenza isibawo sebheyili, njengokuthi nje kwenziwe irekhodi lokubotjhwa, kugadangiswe nemino nokudosa iingazi. Ngaphandle kobana umuntu obotjhiweko azimisele ukusebenza ngokubambisana nangokuzwana nabomthetho, kuzakufuneka bona ukusebenzisana kwakhe nabomthetho nakuzaliswa uburhiyarhiyana bemisetjenzana leyo kubekwe njengemibandela yokubheyiliswa kwakhe.
Ummangalelwa Kufuze Aye Ekhotho Kungakapheli Ama-awa ama-48 Abotjhiwe.
NgokweSigaba 50 somThetho wemiLandu yobuLelesi, umuntu obotjhiweko kufuze bona ayiswe ekhotho kungakapheli ama-awa ama-48 abotjhiwe. ISigaba 351d somThethosisekelo siyadlula lapho, ngokuthi sibeke nokuthi akukaneli bona umuntu asiwe ekhotho kungakapheli ama-awa ama-48, kodwana kufuze nokobana ayiswe ekhotho msinyana ngokungakghonakalako. Isikhathi esima-awa ama-48 kusikhathi eside khulu umuntu angasihlala angakayi ekhotho emveni kobana abotjhiwe begodu kumsebenzi wepholisa ukuqinisekisa bona umuntu uya ekhotho esikhathini samsinyana. Isikhathesi-ke, esima-awa ama-48, sithoma umuntu nakaqeda ukubotjhwa, emukwe namalungelo wakhe wekululeko. Lokhu-ke kutjho bona nakungenzeka bona umuntu obotjhiweko angasiwa ekhotho msinyana kodwana ukube ipholisa elimbophileko lingakghona ukumusa msinyana, kungenzeka ukuhlaliswa kwakhe isikhathi ekubotjhweni kuthathwe bona kuphambana nomthetho.
Umthetho Osuselwa Emilandwini Yangaphambilini
Ibheyili
Emlandwini ka-Prokureur-Generaal, Vrystaat no-Ramakhosi 1996 All SA 207 , kwabekwa phambi kwekhotho bona iGqwetha-Mazombe azange liveze ubufakazi bokuthi kwakungenzeka bona ummangalelwa afake umphakathi engozini namkha afake umuntu othileko engozini namkha akhisimeze iinrhuluphelo zomphakathi namkha enze umlandu wetjhejuli 1 nawayengakhe avulelwe ngebheyili (ikhasi 219 B-C). Ikhotho yabuye yathola nokuthi lalingekho ithuba lokuthi ummangalelwa wayengalinga ukubalekela ukuyokugwetjwa namkha alinge ukufaka abofakazi ummoya namkha alinge ukubathusela namkha afihle ubufakazi, namkha abulale ubufakazi (ikhasi 235 F-G). Ikhotho yaphetha ngokuveza bona njengombana iphenyo lalisazakudosa iinyanga, ummangalelwa, owayengusomabhizinisi, wayezakulahlekelwa yimali enengi khulu nangathana walelwa ukubheyila, ngalokho-ke kwakungasiserhuluphelweni yomthethobulungiswa ukubeka ummangalelwa loyo ekuvalelweni.
Amanothi Womethuli
Yazisa abafundi ngeendaba eziqakathekileko nanzi ezilandelako:
Nakube akunasidingo sokuthi ubophe umuntu ngemva kwamadina ngaphambi kobana kuthome ipelaveke ede, musa ukumbopha umuntu loyo.
Akusimsebenzi wepholisa ukuhlawulisa namkha ukujezisa umsolwa.
Umuntu kuthathwa bona umsulwa, kube kuvele ubufakazi bokuthi unomlandu, nakube unawo.
Msebenzi wamakhotho, ingasi amapholisa ukuhlawulisa namkha ukujezisa izephulamthetho.
Ukubopha umuntu ngokungasimthetho kunye nokusebenzisa amandla butjhwileni kungabangela bona ukuvalela okungasisemthethweni, ngalokho-ke kungahle kubangele imilandu yombango, yobulelesi, nokujanyiswa kwepholisa emsebenzini.
Ilungelo Lokuthola Isizo Lokujanyelwa Magqwetha
Ipholisa kufuze bona lazise umuntu obanjiweko (umuntu obotjhiweko) msinyana bona unelungelo lokuzikhethela igqwetha elizamjamela, nelungelo lokukhulumisana negqwetha. Umuntu obotjhiweko kufuze bona aziswe msinyana bona unelungelo lokuthi umbuso umfunele igqwetha ngeendleko zawo (umbuso), nakube ukungafunelwa kwakhe igqwetha kuzakwenza bona akhisimezeke khulu ngokudimeka ithuba elifaneleko kezomthethobulungiswa (isigaba 35 (b) no (c) ). Lokhu-ke kuzakuqintwa siphathiswa sesizo lezomthetho ngamagqwetha.
Epholiseni lokhu-ke kutjho bona kufuze unikele umuntu obotjhiweko ithuba lokubonana athintane negqwetha lakhe. Nakube umuntu obotjhiweko loyo akanalo igqwetha, ungamnikela irhelo lamabizo wamagqwetha endaweni yangekhenu, namkha umnikele umtato weBhodi yeSizo lezomThetho (i-Legal Aid Board) namkha umlayele kezinye iinhlangano zesizo ngezomthetho endaweni yangekhenu. Yenza iqiniso lokobana unazo iinomboro zemitato, wenze neqiniso lokobana uyasazi isiphathiswa sezesizo lezomthetho ekhotho yangekhenu.
Ukuphathwa Ngesithunzi Nangehlonipho
Ipholisa kufuze bona omunye nomunye umuntu elimbophako limphathe ngehlonipho, nangesithunzi nalimbophako (sigaba 10 somThethosisekelo: Isithunzi Somuntu). Umuntu obotjhiweko kuthathwa bona umsulwa, ikhotho beyithole ubufakazi obufakazela bona nangambala unomlandu, nakube unawo.
Umthetho Osuselwa Emilandwini Yangaphambilini
Ummangalelwa angasebenzisa ilungelo lakhe lokufunelwa igqwetha elibhadalwa mbuso, kodwana-ke lokhu kuvunyelwa kwaphela nakube ikhotho icabanga bona ummangalelwa uzabe akhisimezeke khulu ngokudimeka ithuba elifaneleko kezomthethobulungiswa , nakangahlumbukuba negqwetha elimjameleko.
Ummangalelwa onikelwa igqwetha lombuso akakwazi ukuzikhethela igqwetha elifunwa nguye kiwo lawo wombuso.
Kusemandleni wejaji namkha kamarhistradi ukuhlukanisa bona ummangalelwa uzakukhisimezeka khulu ngokudimeka ithuba kezomthethobulungiswa nange ummangalelwa loyo angahlumbukunikelwa igqwetha lombuso ngeendleko zombuso.
Amanothi Womethuli
Khumbula: Boke abantu ababotjhiweko banjalo nje bababantu ababanjiweko ngakelinye ihlangothi, ngalokho-ke banamalungelo afanako nabantu ababanjiweko. Amalungelo la azakuhlathululwa esahlukweni esikhuluma ngabantu ababanjiweko (iSigaba 35 somThethosisekelo).
Amanothi
UKUQINTELWA KWAMALUNGELO WOMUNTU OBOTJHIWEKO
Lokha amalungelo womuntu nakaqinteliswe kubotjhwa, ukuqinteliseka kwamalungelwakhokho kufuze bona kulingwe ngeemfuneko ezisesigatjaneni sokuqinteliswa (isigaba 36 somThethosisekelo).
Umzamo wokuqintelisa amalungelo womuntu obotjhiweko kufuze bona uthome ube semthethweni ovame ukusetjenziswa. Lokhu-ke kutjho bona kufuze bona kube nomThetho wePalamende okunikela amandla wokubopha umuntu. Kanengi kuba mThetho wemiLandu yobuLelesi neminye imiThetho yePalamende. UmThetho ovame ukusetjenziswa mthetho welizwe, hlangana nawo ekubalwa nomthetho oseencwadini kunye nomthetho ongakatlolwa.
Amalungelo womuntu angaqinteliswa kwaphela ukufikela la ukuqinteliswa kwawo kuzwakala khona. Lokhu-ke kutjho bona ukuqinteliswa kwamalungelo kufuze bona kuzwakale ebujamenobo okwenzeka ngaphasi kwabo. Nakube ikhona enye indlela engawaqintelisi khulu amalungelo womuntu, ngamanye amagama nakube akunasidingo sokobana umbophe umuntu, wena njengepholisa kufuze usebenzise enye indlela.
Ukuqinteliswa kwamalungelo womuntu obotjhiweko kufuze bona kube namabanga azwakalako emphakathini ovulekileko nophila ngedemokhrasi, kwenziwe ngokuhlonipha isithunzi somuntu nangokuqalelela ukulingana kwabantu kunye nangokuqalelela ikululeko yabo. Lokhu-ke kutjho bona okwenzako kufuze bona ukwazi ukukukhulumela uveze bona kuhle ngani, nawufika ekhotho. Umphakathi ovulekileko nophila ngedemokhrasi utjho bona amapholisa keminye imiphakathi ephila ngedemokhrasi kufuze bona enze ngendlela efaneleko ebujameni obufanakao. Kufanele ngaso soke isikhathi uphathe woke umuntu ngesithunzi nangehlonipho begodu ungabandlululi abanye abantu nanyana kubobani. Khumbula, umuntu kuthathwa bona umsulwa, ikhotho ibe iveze ubufakazi bokuthi unomlandu, nangabe unawo.
Malungana nesigaba 36 (a), kusetjenziswa umthethokambiso wokulinganisa. Lokhu-ke kutjho bona ukwephulwa / ukuqinteliswa kwamalungelo womuntu, njengokuthi nje aqinteliswe amalungelwakhe wokuba nepilo yobuyena ngeqadi namkha aqinteliswe amalungelo wekululeko yokukhamba la athanda khona, kufuze bona kulinganiswe (kuthonyaniswe) nobunjalo bomlandu awenzileko, kulinganiswe godu nanobumbi bomlandu awenzileko. Lokhu-ke kutjho bona ukuqinteliswa kwelungelo lomuntu langeqadi lokukhamba lapha afuna khona kufanele kukhambelane nobungako bomlandu.
Umsebenzi 2.5
Indima Ekuqalwe Kiyo
Indinyana 2.6
Iminqopho
Umnqopho womsebenzi lo kukwenza amapholisa acabange ngendlela angaqintelisa ngayo amalungelo wabantu, nokuwenza acabange bona yini ekufuze akuqalelele nakaqintelisa amalungelo lawo.
Amanothi Womethuli
Bawa abafundi bona babonisane ngemibuzo elandelako nasi ngeenqhenyaqhenyana:
Ngimaphi amalungelo wabantu ababotjhiweko angaqinteliswa
Angaqinteliseka njani amalungelo layo
Babawe bona batlole iimpendulo zabo phasi.
Babawe bona bafakaze nayikuthi ukubopha (ukuqintelisa) kukhambisana nesigaba 36 somThethosisekelo.
Funa umbiko weempendulo kizo zoke iinqhema.
Akube nokubonisana mazombe bese uyarhunyeza.
Izinto Ekufuze Zisetjenziswe Nawenza Isirhunyezo
ISigaba 36 somThethosisekelo
Iimpendulo Ezingaba Ngezilungileko
INcwajana Yomsebenzi WezamaLungelo wobuNtu NezobuPholisa, ikhasi 6.
Iingaba 10,12, 14, 21 zomThethosisekelo.
UKUSETJENZISWA KWAMANDLA NAKUBOTJHWA UMUNTU
Okuqakatheke khulu khulu ekufuze ukukhumbule nawubopha umsolwa kbona kufuze kulingane ukwenza kwakho umsebenzakho kuhle nokuhlonipha amalungelo womsolwa. Abasolwa nababotjhwako ikhotho isuke ingakabatholi banomlandu ababotjhelwe wona.
Amapholisa nakabopha abantu akakavunyelwa ukusebenzisa amandla ukusozisa umuntu ambophileko. Ungawasebenzisi amandla ukubopha umsolwa nakube akunasidingo sokuwasebenzisa. Nakhona nakufumaniseka bona kufuze uwasebenzise amandla ukubopha umsolwa, asebenzise kancancani. Lokho-ke kutjho bona sebenzisa amandla amancancani khulu, alingene nobujamo okibo ukubopha umsolwa, nakube kunesidingo sokuthi uwasebenzise.
UmThethosisekelo uqinisekisa omunye nomunye umuntu ngelungelo:
lokuphila;
lokuhlonitjhwa nokuvikelwa kwesithunzi sakhe;
lekululeko nelokuphepha komuntu, ekubalwa hlangana nawo nelungelo lokuphepha kiyo yoke imihlobo yenturhu yatjhatjhalazi nangeqadi, nelungelo lokungatlhoriswa namkha lokungaphathwa ngesihluku nangelunya namkha ngendlela eyehlisa isithunzi somuntu; kunye nelungelo lokuziphilela ipilwakhe yobuyena ngeqadi, ekubalwa hlangana nalo nelungelo lokungaphumbuthwa emzimbeni asetjhwa, nelokungasetjhwa kwendawo ahlala kiyo, nelokungadliwa ipahla.
Ukusetjenziswa kwamandla kungephula namkha kuqintelise elinye lalamalungelo angehla, ubuncani bakhona, kanti-ke kuvamise bona abe manengi amalungelo ephulwako namkha aqinteliswako nakusetjenziswa amandla umuntu nakabotjhwako. Ngalokho-ke ukusetjenziswa kwamandla kufuze bona ngasosoke isikhathi kukhambisane nomthetho.
Amanothi Womethuli
Umthetho ofaneleko ngokusetjenziswa kwamandla:
ISigaba 13 somThetho wezamaPholisa wakwa-SAPS
Iingaba 39 no-49 zomThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi
Ikhona-ke nemibandela yekambiso yamazwe ngamazwe ebekelwe ukusetjenziswa kwamandla neengidi. Nanzi iimbonelo:
I-Athikili 3 yeHlelo lokuziPhatha leHlangano yeenTjhaba eziBumbeneko phezu kwabEnzisi bomThetho
UmThethokambiso weHlangano yeenTjhaba eziBumbeneko ngokuSetjenziswa kwaMandla neenGidi.
Amaphuzu Ekufuze Uwatjheje Nawusebenzisa Amandla Nawubopha umuntu
Ungazibuza imibuzo elandelako nawusebenzisa amandla nawubopha umuntu:
Ukusebenzisa kwami amandla kube yinto elungileko na, ngizisebenzise ngokufanelekileko na, begodu kungisizile na
Ukusebenzisa kwami amandla ngingakghona ukukuvikela ekhotho na
Ukusebenzisa kwami amandla kumlimaze kancazana na ebengimbopha
Imithetho Yokusetjenziswa Kwamandla Nakubotjhwa Umuntu
Sebenzisa amandla amancazana nje kwaphela.
Sebenzisa amandla alingene ubujamo ongaphasi kwabo ekubopheni kwakho umsolwa.
Sebenzisa amandla alingeneko ukuzivikela nokuvikela iimbukeli ezinganamlandu, azakwenza kwaphela ukghone ukubopha umsolwa.
Sebenzisa Amandla Amancazana Nje Kwaphela
Kufuze usebenzise kwaphela amandla azakusiza ukghone ukwehlula ingozi obonakala ukiyo, ukwehlula umsolwa nakube uyanghanghabala, namkha ukuziphephisa esahlelweni. Ingozi obonakala ungaba kiyo nayiyikudlwana, namkha umsolwa nakanghanghabala ngamandla, namkha ingozi yesahlelo nayiyikudlwana, nawe kufuze uqinisaqinise amandla owasebenzisako.
Sebenzisa Kwaphela Amandla Alingene Ubujamo Ongaphasi Kwabo Ekubopheni Umsolwa
Umuntu nakanghanghabalako nawumbophako, uzakutjelwa bubumbi bomlandu ombophela wona bona ungasebenzisa amandla angangani. Nakube mlandu omcazana, kunemihlobo ethileko yamandla ongakavunyelwa ukuyisebenzisa.
IINDLELA ZOKUHLATHULULA UKULINGANISEKA EKUSETJENZISWENI KWAMANDLA
Nakube umuntu ombophako akanghanghabali, ungathomi usebenzise amandla ukumbopha.
Iindlela ezilandelakwezi zihlathulula umthethokambiso wokulinganiseka zibe zitjengise namazinga ahlukeneko wamandla ongawasebenzisa nawubopha umuntu (amandla amancazana).
Ubukhona Bepholisa:
Ukuzazisa Kwesiphathimandla
Lokha umuntu nakazazisa bona ulipholisa (ngokutjengisa ikarajana lakhe lobupholisa nangomlomo). Ukubeka isandla kobana ubophe umuntu / ukumtjengisa ekufuze akwenze namkha nawumduduzako
Ukulayela Umuntu Ngomlomo, Imilayelo Yokumtjengisa Namkha Yokumbopha
Lokhuya ipholisa nalilayela umuntu ngomlomo bona enze okuthileko, (Isibonelo: lokhuya umsolwa nakabalekako bese ipholisa liyamkhalimela bona ajame).
Ukulawula Ngesandla Esinganalitho:
Ukulawula Ngesandla Esithambileko Esinganalitho
Iindlela ezinethuba elincani lokulimaza, (Isibonelo: lokhuya ipholisa nalithinta umuntu ehlombe bese limlayela bona akhambe nalo).
Ukulawula Ngesandla Esiqinileko Esinganalitho
Iindlela ezingahle zimlimaze umuntu. Ukusebenzisa igandelelo, ukuzwisa ubuhlungu, ukudosa umsolwa ukugandelela phasi, ukususa umsolwa kunye neendlela ezimvango zokulawula umsolwa.
Amaqhinga Wokuqeda Amandla Welawulo Lomzimba
Ukubamba imithambo yeengazi emahlangothi wentamo (nakube ipholisa likufundiselwe ukusebenzisa leliqhinga), namkha amagalelo wenyawo elinye/ umlenze omunye/isandla esinye/ umlenze omunye njengendlela yokugandelela ilawulo lemithambo kobanyana esinye sezitho esizibale ngehlezi sigcine singasebenzi kwesikhatjhana, ngakelinye ihlangothi nengqondo nayo kheyifiphale. Amanye amagalelo abanga bona umuntu abhalelwe kukhamba kwesikhatjhana, namkha umzimba ubhalelwe kukuzilawula.
Izenzisi Zamakhemikhali
I-CO/OC (iinyembezi) namkha irhasi yebilibili, nakube ivunyelwe ziimphathimandla ezibanduliweko zomNyango ngemithetho yemibandela eqinileko yokuphepha, estjenziswa ngokukhambisana nemilayelo yemithetho elawula lezizenzisi zamakhemikhali.
Iimolontjisi/Iinkhali Zokubetha ngokuvunyelwa kwazo mNyango bona zingasetjenziswa mapholisa abandulwe kuhle ukuzisebenzisa.
Amandla Abulalako/Iingidi namkha amaqhinga wokuzisindisa/wokuziphephisa angahle enze bona kufe umuntu namkha umuntu alimale kumbi .
Sebenzisa Amandla Anele Ukukuphephisa Nokuphephisa Abantu Ababukeleko Abanganamlandu Nawubopha Umuntu
Ipholisa nalibopha umuntu kungenzeka bona kufuneke lizivikele. Khumbula-ke bona nanyana kunjalo kodwana kufuze usebenzise amandla amancazana nje kwaphela ukuzivikela, uziphephise, uphephise nabantu abanganamlandu ababukeleko.
Ngemva Kokusebenzisa Amandla, Ikhotho Ingahle Ihlole Amaphuzu Amane Naka:
Bekufanelekile na bona kusetjenziswe amandla kilobo bujamo
Silinganiswe kuhle isidingo sokusetjenziswa kwamandla nobungako bamandla asetjenzisiweko
Ulimele kangangani umuntu obotjhiweko
Amandla asetjenziswe lapho asetjenziswe ngokwethembeka, ngommoya omuhle, namkha kusetjenziswe amandla welunya, wokona, ngokunganasidingo namkha wokukarekela ukuzwisa abanye ubuhlungu
Umsebenzi 2.6
Indima Ekuqalwe Kiyo
Iindinyana 2.7
Iminqopho
Umnqopho womsebenzi lo kubonisana ngamazinga ahlukahlukeneko wamandla angasetjenziswa nakubotjhwa umuntu.
Amanothi Womethuli
Bawa abafundi bona babonisane boke ngamazinga ahlukahlukeneko wokusetjenziswa kwamandla nakubotjhwa umuntu, kuthonywe ngamandla amancazana angasetjenziswa.
Rhunyeza.
Amanothi Womethuli
AMAPHOLISA ANGAMDUMUZA NAKWENZENJANI UMSOLWA OBALEKAKO
Tjheja Nakhu Okuqakatheke Khulu.
Le-ke yindabapikiswana ekulu. ISigaba 49 somThetho weKambiso wemiLandu yobuLelesi isatlolwa butjha njenganje. Okumumethwe yipendulo kungatjhuguluka.
UmThethosisekelo (iSigaba 11) uthi omunye nomunye umuntu unelungelo lokuphila. Ngakho-ke ipholisa lingadumuza umuntu ebujameni obukhethekileko nje kwaphela. Kuqakathekile ukwazi bona umthetho ukuvumela nini ukudumuza umuntu obalekako nawufuna ukumbopha.
Umthethokambiso omalungana nokusetjenziswa kwamandla nakubotjhwa umuntu (isigaba 49 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi) isasebenza. Umthethokambiso loyo uqinteliswa amandla mthethomgomo wamapholisa ongezelela umThetho weKambiso wemiLandu yobuLelesi.
UmThethomgomo solo usasebenza, begodu uhlonyelelwe esiHlomelelweni A .
UmThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi nomThetho wakwa-SAPS usisiza ukuzwa kuhle bona amapholisa angawaqintelisa njani amalungelo wekululeko nawokuphepha komunye umuntu. ImiThetho le-ke ngiyo ekutjelako bona ungasebenzisa mhlobo bani wamandla ekubopheni umuntu.
Khumbula, lokhu kungahle kutjhuguluke
Umsolwa obalekako angadutjulwa kwaphela nakuzaliseke nasi imibandela emithandathu:
Khumbula-ke godu nokuthi nakube akunasidingo sokuthi usebenzise isigidi, musa ukusisebenzisa.
Umsolwa ubaleka nje vele selenze umlandu omumbi obalwa njengomunye wemilandu emimbi emthethwenimgomo wamapholisa. Yenza iqiniso lokuthi unekhophi yomthethomgomo wemilandu emimbi ebaliweko emapholiseni, uwazi ngehloko.
Ipholisa lilinga ukubopha umsolwa ekuzwakala bona wenze lomhlobo womlandu.
Umsolwa uyazi bona ipholisa elilinga ukumbopha lifuna ukumbophela wona lomhlobo womlandu.
Ayikho enye indlela umsolwa angabotjhwa ngayo ngaphandle kobana adutjulwe.
Ipholisa selikhe lamyelelisa umsolwa bona lizamdumuza nakube akajami, kodwana umsolwa akayingeni yesiyeleliso leyo, solo uyabaleka.
Ubuphilo babanye abantu angeke bungene engozini nakudutjulwako.
Nakube umsolwa akajami, thoma ngokudubulela ukuyelelisa ntanzi, kodwana nakhona kufuze udubule kwaphela nakube ukudumuza angeke kube yingozi kabanye abantu. Nakube umsolwa solo uyabaleka, dumuza-ke manje. Linga ukudumuza isitho somzimba, njengomlenze nje, la kungasilula khona bona ihlavu yesigidi ingambulala umsolwa.
Iimfuneko zokusebenzisa amandla amancazana kukhulunywa ngazo kusigaba 13 (b) somThetho wezamaPholisa, wona othi amandla angasetjenziswa kwaphela lipholisa:
nalenza umsebenzalo ngokusemthethweni; begodu nepholiselo livunyelwe mthetho ukusebenzisa amandla.
Ipholisa lingasebenzisa amandla amancazana alungele ukusetjenziswa kilobo ubujamo bezinto.
Umsebenzi 2.7
Indima Ekuqalwe Kiyo
Iminqopho
Umnqopho womsebenzi lo kukwenza abafundi bacabange ngokusetjenziswa kweengidi nakubotjhwa umuntu, kunye nokubonisana ngomthethokambiso wamandla alingeneko.
Amanothi Womethuli
Bawa abafundi babonisane ngemibuzo elandelako:
Ipholisa lingamdumuza nini, nakunjani umsolwa obalekako
Angasetjenziswa na amandla ukusetjha umuntu obotjhiweko
Bonisana nabo, ngakho koke ebekukhulunywa ngakho kilesisifundo.
Rhunyeza.
Izinto Ekufuze Uzisebenzise Nawenza Isirhunyezo
INcwajana yokuSebenzela yamaLungelo wobuNtu nezobuPholisa, ikhasi 32.
Amanothi
UKUSETJENZISWA KWAMANDLA UKUSETJHA UMUNTU OBOTJHIWEKO
Njengokomthetho ovamileko, umuntu kufuze asetjhwe kwaphela nakunencwadi elayela bona akasetjhwe (sigaba 21 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi), ngaphandle-ke kobana kube nomthetho othileko onikela amandla wokuthi kungasetjhwa ngaphandle kwencwadi yokusetjha. Ngaphandle kweengatjana 22, 23 ne-24 zomThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi, ikhona neminye imiThetho yePalamende eembadlwana nayo enikela amandla wokusetjha ngaphandle kwencwadi yokusetjha.
Ngokwesigaba 23 (a) somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi, ipholisa lingasetjha umuntu elimbophileko libe lithathe nanyana ngiyiphi ipahla kileyo ekukhulunywa ngayo kusigaba 20 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi etholakele iphethwe msolwa obotjhiweko, namkha etholakele ngaphasi kwelawulo lakhe umsolwa obotjhiweko.
Kufuze kuvezwe bona nanyana isigaba 23 (a) somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi singakuvumeli tjhatjhalazi ukusetjenziswa kwamandla nakusetjhwako, kodwana nasifundwa nesigaba 27 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi, kufuze bona sihlathululwe bona sitjho khona ukusetjenziswa kwamandla, nakube ukusetjenziswa kwamandla kulingene ubujamo bezinto balapho kusetjhwa khona, begodu nakube nangambala kuyafuneka asetjenziswe amandla lapho.
Umuntu obotjhiweko nakathambako nakasetjhwako, amandla awangasetjenziswa nakancani ukumsetjha namkha ukusetjha.
Nakufumaniseka bona umuntu obotjhiweko uyabhala ukusetjhwa, kungasetjenziswa amandla alingeneko, azamenza kwaphela alise ukunghanghabala, avume ukusetjhwa. Malungana nalokhu-ke kungasetjenziswa iindlela zokubamba umuntu, njengokusebenzisa iinsimbi zokuqobotjhela umuntu izandla nje.
Ukusetjhwa kwabantu okuvunyelwe ziingaba 21 no-22 zomThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi, kufuze bona kukhanjiswe ngendlela efana patsi nesetjho ngokwesigaba 23 (a) somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi.
Okuqakatheke Khulu
Ukusetjha umuntu obotjhiweko ezithweni zomzimba ezifihlekileko (izitho zobuntu bomuntu, njengesitho sobufazi nentunja yangemva yokuzithuma nezinye ezinjalo) kufuna amandla athileko, kanti-ke ngudorhodera namkha inesi elisemthethweni kwaphela abavunyelwe ukuraga isetjho elinjalo, nakhona nakube nangambala sikhona isidingo sokuthi umuntu asetjhwe ukufikela eendaweni ezinjalo, ngekolelo yokobana into okukhulunywe ngayo esigabeni 20 ifihlwe lapho.
Amanothi
Umsebenzi 2.8
Amanothi Womfundisi
Tjengisa ividiyo ekhuluma ngokubotjhwa komuntu.
IVIDIYO NGOKUBOTJHWA KOMUNTU
Iyatholakala ividiyo yemizuzu elitjhumi etjengisa ukubotjhwa komuntu.
Umsebenzi 2.9
Amanothi Womethuli
Ngemva kokubukela ividiyo, nikela abafundi isikhathi sokubonisana, bese wenza isirhunyezo.
Imibuzo ingasiza ukuhlahla indlela yokubonisana, bekuvele nokuthi ngiziphi iindaba ekungakhulunyiswana ngazo.
Qala iminqopho emikhulu bese nibonisana ngayo ngemibuzo neempendulo. Qinisekisa bona yoke iminqopho izalisiwe.
Amanothi
ISIRHUNYEZO/IMIBUZO
Ngiziphi iindlela zokwenza iqiniso lokobana ummangalelwa uyafika ekhotho
Kukunini la ummangalelwa anamalungelo khona kusigaba 35 , nese somThethosisekelo
Ngimaphi amalungelo womuntu obotjhiweko
Ngimiphi imithetho esebenza nakusetjenziswa amandla ekubotjhweni komuntu, begodu itjho bonani imithetho leyo
Umuntu obotjhiweko kufuze bona atjelwe amalungelwakhe msinyana ngokungakghonakalako . Kutjho bonani lokhu
Litjho bonani ilungelo lokuthula
Umuntu obotjhiweko kufuze aphathwe njani, begodu kuba yini kufuze aphathwe njalo
AMATHRANSPHARENSI
Ukubopha Nomboro 1: Sigaba 10: Isithunzi Sobuntu
Ukubopha Nomboro 2: Sigaba 12: Ikululeko Nokuphepha Komuntu
Ukubopha Nomboro 3: Amalungelo Wobuntu Womuntu Obotjhiweko
Ukubopha Nomboro 4: Imithetho Yokusetjenziswa Kwamandla Nakubotjhwa Umuntu
Ukubopha Nomboro 5: Amaphuzu Ekufuze Aqalelelwe Nakusetjenziswa Amandla Ekubopheni Umuntu
Ukubopha Nomboro 6: Amaphuzu Aqalwa Yikhotho
Ukubopha Nomboro 7: Umsolwa Obalekako Angadutjulwa Kwaphela Nakuzaliseke Lemibandela Emithandathu Elandelako:
Umsebenzi 2.2
Umsebenzi 2.3
Umsebenzi 2.4
Umsebenzi 2.5
Umsebenzi 2.6
Umsebenzi 2.7.
IPHOWUSTA NGAMALUNGELO WABANTU ABABOTJHIWEKO
Kunephowusta etholakalako ngamalungelo wabantu ababotjhiweko. Iphowusta le kufuze bona iplagwe ebodeni ngaphambi kobana kuthome isifundo sokubopha umuntu.
UMTHOMBO WELWAZI NEMITLOLO EKUPHAKANYISWA BONA UYIFUNDE
Ukuragwa KomSebenzi WobuPholisa NamaLungelo WobuNtu: ISahluko 14 neSahluko 15.
Amagama WokuPhefumula NgomThetho WeKambiso YemiLandu YobuLelesi: ISahluko 5.
INcwajana NgeKambiso YemiLandu WoBulelesi: Umgadangiso wesi-3: ISahluko 7.
Amanothi
ISITHUNZI SOBUNTU
ISigaba 10 somThethosisekelo
Isithunzi Sobuntu
Omunye nomunye umuntu ubelethwe nesithunzi nelungelo lokuthi isithunzi sakhe sihlonitjhwe besivikelwe.
IKULULEKO NOKUPHEPHA KOMUNTU
ISigaba 12 somThethosisekelo: IKululeko nokuPhepha komuNtu
Omunye nomunye unelungelo lekululeko nokuphepha komuntu, ekubalwa hlangana nakho:
a. ilungelo lokungadinywa ikululeko ngentando yomunye umuntu namkha ngaphandle kwebanga elizwakalako;
b. ilungelo lokungavalelwa ngaphandle kokugwetjwa;
c. ilungelo lokuphepha kiyo yoke imihlobo yenturhu, ebuya emphakathini namkha ebuya ebantwini bangeqadi;
d. ilungelo lokungatlhoriswa nanyana ngayiphi indlela; kunye e. nelungelo lokungaphathwa ngelunya namkha lokungahlawuliswa namkha usoziswe ngesihluku nangelunya, nangendlela eyehlisa isithunzi somuntu.
AMALUNGELO WOBUNTU WOMUNTU OBOTJHIWEKO
Kufanele aziswe ngebanga lokubotjhwa.
Kufanele aziswe ngamalungelwakhe woke womthetho.
Kufanele angakatelelwa ukuvuma namkha ukwamukela ngaphandle kokufuna kwakhe.
Ukwenza isibawo sebheyili.
Ukulethwa ngaphambi kwekhotho msinyana ngokukghonakalako kodwanana kungakapheli ama-awa ama-48 ngemva kokubotjhwa.
Ilungelo lokukhuluma negqwetha.
Ilungelo lokuphathwa ngesithunzi nangehlonipho.
IMITHETHO YOKUSETJENZISWA KWAMANDLA NAKUBOTJHWA UMUNTU
Sebenzisa kuphela amandla alingeneko.
Sebenzisa kuphela amandla alingene ukubopha.
Sebenzisa kuphela amandla afanele ukwenza bona umsolwa abotjhwe.
IZINTO OKUFANELE ZITJHEJWE NAKUSETJENZISWA AMANDLA NAKUBOTJHWA UMUNTU
Ingabe bekulungile ukusebenzisa amandla, kufanele begodu kuyifezile na ihloso
Ingabe kghani ukusetjenziswa kwamandla kungavikelwa ekhotho yomthetho
Ingabe ukusebenzisa amandla kubangele ukulimala okuncani
IZINTO EZIQALWA YIKHOTHO
Ukhe wenziwa na umzamo wokuthoma ngokusebenzisa indlela nokungasi ngeyenturhu
Uhlonitjhiwe na umthethokambiso wokusebenzisa amandla alingana nobujamo begodu isidingo sitjhejiwe na
Ipholisa ebelibopha umuntu lizibambile lazikhalima na ekusebenziseni isigidi
Ukusetjenziswa kweengidi phezu komuntu kuligadango lokugcina: Ngabe isigidi sisetjenziswe njengendlela yokugcina kungasekho okhunye okungenziwa na
UMSOLWA OBALEKAKO ANGADUTJULWA KWAPHELA NAKUZALISEKE IMIBANDELA EMITHANDATHU NASI ELANDELAKO:
Khumbula: Nakube akunasidingo sokuthi usebenzise isigidi, musa ukusisebenzisa.
Umsolwa ubaleka nje vele selenze umlandu omumbi obalwa njengeminye yemilandu emimbi emthethwenikambiso wamapholisa. Yenza iqiniso lokuthi unekhophi yomthethokambiso wemilandu emimbi ebaliweko emapholiseni, uyazi ngehloko.
Ipholisa nalilinga ukubopha umsolwa ekuzwakala bona wenze lomhlobo womlandu.
Umsolwa uyazi bona ipholisa elilinga ukumbopha lifuna ukumbophela wona lomhlobo womlandu.
Ayikho enye indlela umsolwa angabotjhwa ngayo ngaphandle kobana adutjulwe.
Ipholisa selikhe lamyelelisa umsolwa bona lizamdumuza nakube akajami, kodwana umsolwa akayingeni yesiyeleliso leyo, solo uyabaleka.
Ubuphilo babanye abantu angeke bungene engozini nakudutjulwako.
Nakube umsolwa akajami, thoma ngokudubulela ukuyelelisa ntanzi, kodwana nakhona kufuze ukwenze kwaphela nakube angeke kube yingozi kabanye abantu. Nakube umsolwa solo uyabaleka, dumuza-ke manje. Linga ukudumuza isitho somzimba, njengomlenze nje, la kungasilula khona bona ihlavu yesigidi ingambulala umsolwa.
UMSEBENZI 2.2
Yini umnqopho wokubopha umuntu
Kutjho bonani bona umsolwa kuthathwa bona umsulwa
Ngiziphi ezinye iindlela ezingasetjenziswa ukwenza iqiniso lokuthi umsolwa uyaya ekhotho ngaphandle kokubotjhwa
UMSEBENZI 2.3
Ngiyiphi indlela elungileko yokubopha umuntu
Ngimaphi amalungelo nesibopho sabantu ababotjhiweko
Yini isibopho samapholisa nakabopha umuntu
Yini ipholisa ekufuze likutjele umuntu obotjhwako nalimbophako
UMSEBENZI 2.4
Umuntu obotjhiweko angasenza nini isibawo sebheyili
UMSEBENZI 2.5
Ngimaphi amalungelo womuntu obotjhiweko angaqinteliswa
Angaqinteliswa njani amalungelo la
UMSEBENZI 2.6
Bamba ikulumo yokubonisana ngakho koke okumalungana namazinga ahlukahlukeneko wamandla angasetjenziswa nakubotjhwa umuntu, ukusukela ekusetjenzisweni kwamandla amancancazana angasetjenziswa.
UMSEBENZI 2.7
Ipholisa limdumuza nakwenzenjani umsolwa obalekako
Amandla angasetjenziswa na ukusetjha umuntu obotjhiweko
ISAHLUKO 5
Ukusetjha Nokuthumba Ipahla
OKUMUMETHWEKO
USETJHA NOKUTHUMBA IPAHLA
Umtlamo Wesifundo
Iminqopho
Isingeniso
Ngimiphi Imithetho Esetjenziselwa Ukusetjha
Nokubamba Ipahla
Indinyana Yokuqintelisa, Ukusetjha
Nokubamba Ipahla
Isetjho Ngencwadi Yokusetjha:
YemiLandu YobuLelesi
Imiphumela Yokusetjha Ngokungasimthetho Namkha
Isetjho Eleqa Amandla Anikelwe Yincwadi Yokusetjha
Isetjho Ngaphandle Kwencwadi
Yokusetjha:
ISigaba 22 SomThetho WeKambiso YemiLandu
YobuLelesi
Amanothi Nakho Koke Okuphathelene Nokuziphatha
Kwamapholisa Nakasetjhako Nanyana Abamba Ipahla
Ukusetjenziswa Kwamandla Nakusetjhwako Nanyana
Kubanjwa Ipahla
Ukusetjenziswa Kwamandla Ukungena
Emzini/Endaweni
Ukusetjenziswa Kwamandla Ukusetjha Umuntu
Ukusetjenziswa Kwamandla Ukusetjha Indawo
Kobanyana Kuzokubanjwa Ipahla
Ividiyo Ngokusetjha Nangokubamba Ipahla
Isirhunyezo / Imibuzo
Amathranspharensi
Umthombo Welwazi Nemitlolo Ekuphakanyiswa Bona Uyifunde
UKUSETJHA NOKUBAMBA IPAHLA
UMTLAMO WESIFUNDO WEMIZUZU EMA-60
Okungaphakathi Izinto Ekufuze Zenziwe Isikhathi
Iminqopho
Umsebenzi 5.1 Funda iminqopho
Isingeniso
Umsebenzi 5.2: Iinqhenyana Zokukhulumisana
Imizuzu ema-20
Ngimiphi Imithetho Esetjenziselwa Ukusetjha Nokubamba Ipahla
Umsebenzi 5.3: Imibuzo neempendulo, ukubonisana
Indinyana Yokuqintelisa, Ukusetjha Nokubamba Ipahla
Isetjho Ngencwadi Yokusetjha: Iingaba 21 no-25 ZomThetho WeKambiso YemiLandu YobuLelesi
Imiphumela Yokusetjha Ngokungasimthetho Namkha Isetjho Eleqa Amandla Anikelwe Yincwadi Yokusetjha
Umsebenzi 5.4: UmThetho Osuselwa Emilandwini Yangaphambilini
Isetjho Ngaphandle Kwencwadi Yokusetjha : ISigaba 22 SomThetho WeKambiso YemiLandu YobuLelesi
Umsebenzi 5.5: Imibuzo Neempendulo, Umthetho Osuselwa Emilandwini Yaphambilini, Ukubonisana
Amanothi Nakho Koke Okuphathelene Namapholisa Nakasetjhako Nanyana Abamba Ipahla
Umsebenzi 5.6: Imibuzo Neempendulo, Ukubonisano
Ukusetjenziswa Kwamandla Nakusetjhwako Nanyana Kubanjwa Ipahla
Umsebenzi 5.7: Ukubonisana Ngezinto Zoke
Ukusetjenziswa Kwamandla Ukungena Emzini/Endaweni
Ukusetjenziswa Kwamandla Ukusetjha Umuntu
Ukusetjenziswa Kwamandla Ukusetjha Indawo Kobanyana Kuzokubanjwa Ipahla
Ividiyo Ngokusetjha Nangokubamba Ipahla
Umsebenzi 5.8: Ividiyo Ngokusetjha Nangokubamba Ipahla
Isirhunyezo / Imibuzo
Umsebenzi 5.9: Imibuzo, Ukubonisana
IMINQOPHO
Ngemva kokuqeda isahlukwesi, abafundi bazakwazi ukutjengisa bona bayazwisisa begodu bayahlonipha:
amalungelo womuntu osetjhwako;
amalungelo womuntu okusetjhwa indawakhe namkha ipahlakhe;
amalungelo womuntu ekubanjwa ipahlakhe kobanyana kuyokuphenywa ngayo, ngokomThethosisekelo; kunye nokuphulwa kwamalungelo la ngendlela efanelekileko, ngokusebenzisa umthethokambiso nemihlahlandlela ekutjengiswana ngayo esifundweni sokulingisa, ngokweRhelo lamaLungelo wobuNtu (i-Bill of Rights); kunye nemiphumela yokusetjha okungavunyelwa mThethosisekelo namkha okuphambana nemibandela yomThethosisekelo.
Umsebenzi 5.1
Indima Ekuqalwe Kiyo
Indinyana 5.1
Iminqopho
Umnqopho womsebenzi lo kuveza iminqopho yesifundwesi.
Amanothi Womethuli
Fundela abafundi iminqopho yesifundwesi.
Babuze bona bayayizwisisa na iminqopho le.
Bahlathululele la kufuneka khona.
ISINGENISO
Ukusetjha nokubamba ipahla yomuntu zizenzo ezimbi kumbi eziphula amalungelo womuntu. UmThethosisekelo unikela omunye nomunye umuntu isiqiniseko sokuvikeleka kwelungelo lakhe lokuphila ipilwakhe yobuyena ngeqadi (isigaba 14 somThethosisekelo) kunye nelungelo lekululeko nokuphepha komuntu (isigaba 12 somThethosisekelo). Amalungelo la atjho bona umBuso (amapholisa) awukwazi ukusetjha umuzi namkha ikhaya lomuntu, ipahla yomuntu namkha yena ngokwakhe emzimbeni, begodu umBuso awukwazi ukuthumba ipahla yomuntu, awukwazi nokuvula iincwadi ezithunyelelwe / eziposelwe omunye umuntu, awukwazi nokuthiya umtato womunye umuntu ngaphandle kokunikelwa mthetho amandla wokwenza njalo. Nokho-ke kuqakathekile ukutjheja nokulimuka bona emalungelweni la, alikho nalinye lawo elingalawulwako, ngombana woke njalo angaqinteliswa. Nakube kunebanga elizwakalako lokusola bona umuntu othileko wenze umlandu / wonile / ugangile, namkha nakube kunebanga elizwakalako lokukholwa bona into ethileko isetjenziselwe ukwenza umlandu / ukona / ukuganga, namkha nakube kunebanga elizwakalako lokuthi into ethileko ingaba lisizo ekuvezeni ubufakazi bokuthi kunomlandu owenziweko, namkha nakube kunebanga elizwakalako lokukholwa bona into ethileko izakusetjenziselwa ukwenza ubulelesi / ukona / ukuganga, umThethosisekelo (isigaba 36 somThethosisekelo ) uthi ilungelo lomuntu lokuba nepilwakhe yobuyena ngeqadi kunye nelungelo lekululekwakhe nelokuphepha kwakhe angaqinteliswa ngomThetho wePalamende, njengomThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi wango-1977, (umThetho wenomboro 57 ka-1977), wona ovumako bona ilungelo namkha amalungelo womuntu angaqinteliswa nakufaneleko. Lapha-ke singalinganisa ngokuthi lokhu kungenziwa lokhuya umuntu nakasetjhewako, lokhuya indlu / umuzi womuntu nawusetjhwako namkha lokhuya nakubanjwa okuthileko komuntu, ngokwemibandela yomthetho.
Khumbula bona ipholisa livumeleke ukusetjha nokubamba ipahla kwaphela nakube umthetho ulinikele amandla wokwenza njalo. Kuqakathekile bona ipholisa amandla elinikelwe wona lawo liwasebenzise ngokutjheja nokuyelela imibandela yomthetho ekufuze liwasebenzise ngayo, belenze neqiniso lokuthi amalungelo wobuntu womuntu loyo akephulwa. Nakube ipholisa lenza umsebenzalo ngokulandela umthetho, ukwephulwa kwamalungelo (ukuqinteliswa) womuntu loyo kuzakuba semthethweni (kuzakuvumakala ngomthetho).
Ukusetjha nokubamba ipahla kungaqintelisa amalungelo wobuntu alandelako:
Ilungelo lesithunzi somuntu (isigaba 10 somThethosisekelo).
Iimbonelo: Ukusetjha umuntu emzimbeni namkha ukusetjha umuntu emzimbeni bewuyokufika nezithweni zomzimba ezihloniphekileko nezifihlekileko.
Ilungelo lekululeko nelokuphepha komuntu (isigaba 12 somThethosisekelo).
Ilungelo lokuziphilela ipilwakho yobuwena ngeqadi (isigaba 14 somThethosisekelo).
Iimbonelo: Bonantana kokukhulumisana, ukusetjhwa emzimbeni namkha ukusetjhwa emzimbeni bekufikwe nezithweni zomzimba ezihloniphekileko nezifihlekileko.
Ngalokhu-ke kufuze bona uqinisekise bona okwenzako ukwenza ngomthetho ofaneleko, isibonelo mThetho wePalamende, nomThethosisekelo.
Khumbula:
Amalungelo womuntu aqinisekiswe mThethosisekelo, ngitjho nanyana angasetjhwa namkha kusetjhwe indawakhe namkha ipahlakhe namkha kubanjwe ipahlakhe. Kuqakathekile bona okwenziwa mapholisa kufuze bona kuhlale kusemthethweni. Nakube amalungelo womuntu aqinteliswa kusetjhwa nokuthunjwa kwepahlakhe, ukuqinteliswa kwamalungelwakhe kufuze bona kwenziwe bona kube kuncancazana.
Umsebenzi 5.2
Imizuzu ema-20.
Indima Ekuqalwe Kiyo
Iminqopho
Umnqopho womsebenzi lo kukwenza abafundi bacabange ngokuthi ukusetjha umuntu nokubamba ipahla kungaba namphumela muni phezu kwamalungelo womuntu.
Ukubonisana Ngakho Koke Ebekusetjenzwa Ngakho: Imizuzu emi-3
Amanothi Womethuli
Bawa abafundi bona babonisane ngalokhu okulandelako ngeenqhenyanaqhenyana.
Tlola iimbonelo zamalungelo angaqinteliseka ngokusetjha nangokubamba ipahla.
Babawe bona baqale indinyana emalungana nokuqinteliswa kwamalungelo ekhasini 6 leencwadi zomsebenzi, bese uyahlola bona ukusetjha nokubamba ipahla kungathathwa njengokuphulwa kwamalungelo womuntu ngokufanelekileko na.
Bawa abafundi bona benze iimbonelo zemithetho (umthetho ovame ukusetjenziswa) ezilawula ukusetjha nokubamba ipahla.
Thola umbiko obuyako. Bawa omunye wabo bona azinikelele ukutlola amalungelo angaqinteliseka kufliptjhadi namkha ebhodini, abanye nabasakunikela umbiko obuyako.
Bonisana nabo ngokusetjenziswa kombandela oqintelisa amalungelo womuntu.
Vala ngokubonisana nabo ngakho koke okuphathelene nesifundwesi.
Izinto Ekufuze Uzisebenzise Nawenza Isirhunyezo
Isigaba 36 seNcwajana Yomsebenzi, ikhasi 6
INcwajana Yomsebenzi, ikhasi lama-20
Isigaba 36 seSahluko 2 emThethwenisisekelo.
INDINYANA YOMTHETHO WOKUQINTELISA NOKUSETJHA KUNYE NOKUTHUMBA IPAHLA
Nakube kukhona amalungelo aqinteliswako aseRhelweni lamaLungelo wobuNtu (i-Bill of Rights), njengokuthi umuntu asetjhwe namkha kubanjwe ipahlakhe, ukuqinteliswa kwamalungelokho kufuze bona kuhlolwe ngokuqala bona kuyakhambisana na neemfuneko zokuqinteliswa kwamalungelo endinyaneni yalokho.
Ukusetjha nokubanjwa kwepahla kunye nokusetjenziswa kwe-sigaba 36 somThethosisekelo kungahlathululwa nganasi indlela elandelako:
Ukuqinteliswa kwelungelo kufuze bona kuthome kube khona emthethweni ovamileko. Lokhu-ke kutjho bona kufuze kube nomthetho oseencwadini (lapha kubalwa nomThetho wePalamende, iinjamiso, imithetho yamaphrovinsi, nemithetjhwana elawula iindawo zemakhaya) namkha umthetho ongakatlolwa. Ekusetjheni nekubambeni ipahla, umthetho ovamileko kuzakuba mThetho weKambiso yemiLandu wobuLelesi ka-1977, umThetho weenKhali neenDubuli ka-1969 (umThetho wenomboro 75 ka-1969) namkha umThetho weenDakamizwa nokuKhukhuthiswa kweenDakamizwa ka-1992 (umThetho wenomboro 140 ka-1992), isigaba 13 somThetho wamaPholisa weSewula Afrika ka-1975 (umThetho wenomboro 68 ka-1995), njll.
Amalungelo angaqinteliselwa kwaphela ukufikela la ukuqinteliswa kwawo kuzwakala khona. Lokhu-ke kutjho bona ukuqinteliswa kwamalungelo kufuze bona kuzwakale ebujamenobo okwenzeka ngaphasi kwabo. Nakube ikhona indlela ethambathambileko yokuzintelisa kodwanana ezakuba nomphumela ofanako, amapholisa kungaba ngcono asebenzise yona. Ihloso okufuze ifikelelwe izakuvumelana nokusetjha. Ngalokho-ke ukuqinteliswa kwelungelo / kwamalungelo kuzakuba ngokuzwakalako (okulungileko). Amapholisa akukafaneli bona aqintelisele amalungelo wabantu butjhwileni.
Ukuqinteliswa kwamalungelo womuntu obotjhiweko kufuze bona kwenziwe ngamabanga azwakalako emphakathini ovulekileko nophila ngedemokhrasi, kwenziwe ngokuhlonipha isithunzi somuntu nangokuqalelela ukulingana kwabantu kunye nangokuqalelela ikululeko yabo. Lokhu-ke kutjho bona okwenzako kufuze bona ukwazi ukukukhulumela uveze bona kuhle ngani, nawufika ekhotho, ngemva kwesetjho nokuthumba ipahla. Umphakathi ovulekileko nophila ngedemokhrasi utjho bona amapholisa keminye imiphakathi ephila ngedemokhrasi kufuze bona enze ngendlela efanako ebujamni obunjalo.
Soke isikhathi kufuze bona woke umuntu umphathe ngehlonipho, uhloniphe isithunzi sakhe, umphathe nangendlela ekungalindeleka bona amanye amapholisa aphathe ngayo umuntu. Akakufaneli bona kube nomuntu ombandlululako. Khumbula, umuntu kuthathwa bona umsulwa, ikhotho ibe iveze ubufakazi bokuthi unomlandu, nangabe unawo.
Malungana nesigaba 36 (a) ukuya ku (e), kusetjenziswa umthethokambiso wokulinganisa. Lokhu-ke kutjho bona ukuqinteliswa kwamalungelo womuntu, njengokuthi nje aqinteliswe amalungelwakhe wokuba nepilo yangeqadi, kufuze bona kulinganiswe (kuthonyaniswe) nobunjalo bomlandu awenzileko, kulinganiswe godu nanobumbi bomlandu awenzileko. Lokhu-ke kutjho bona ukuqinteliswa kwelungelo lomuntu kufuze kutjhejwe bona kwanele lokho akonileko, ukuqinteliswa kwamalungelo wakhe wokuziphilela ipilwakhe ngeqadi kufanele umlandu awenzileko. Amalungelo kufuze bona aqinteliswe kancancazana. Umnqopho wokusetjha kufuze bona ukwenze kubonakale kuyinto elungileko ukusetjha.
Amanothi
NGIMIPHI IMITHETHO ELAWULA ISETJHO NOKUTHUMBA IPAHLA
UmThetho weKambiso yemiLandu wobuLelesi ka-1977 (umThetho wenomboro 57 ka-1977).
Eminye imithetho, ekubalwa hlangana nayo nomThetho weenKhali neenDubuli ka-1969 (umThetho wenomboro 75 ka-1969), umThetho weenDakamizwa nokuKhuthuthiswa kweenDakamizwa ka-1992 (umThetho wenomboro 140 ka-1992), umThetho wokuLawula amaPhandle ka-1991 (umThetho wenomboro 96 ka-1991), umThetho wokweTjiwa kweFuyo ka-1959 (umThetho wenomboro 57 ka-1959) nesigaba 13 somThetho wamaPholisa weSewula Afrika ka-1995 (umThetho wenomboro 68 ka-1995 ).
Amanothi
ISETJHO NGENCWADI YOKUSETJHA: IINGABA 21 NO-25 ZOMTHETHO WEKAMBISO YEMILANDU YOBULELESI
Ilungelo lokuziphilela ipilwakho yangeqadi lililungelo elisisekelo samalungelo wobuntu. Ngalokho-ke kuqakatheke khulu ukuvikelwa ekuphulweni kwelungelo lomuntu lokuziphilela ipilwakhe yangeqadi ngendlela engezwakaliko nengakafaneli. Ukuvikela amalungelo womuntu ngamunye kunye nokuqiniseka bona amapholisa enza umsebenzawo ngomthetho, kuqakathekile bona ipholisa lithole incwadi yokusetjha ngaphambi kobana lingayokusetjha belibambe nepahla. ISigaba 21 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu wobuLelesi sinendlela esivikela ngayo, ngokufuna bona nanyana yini ebanjwako ibanjwe ngencwadi yokusetjha . Incwadi enjalo-ke ikhutjhwa siphathimandla sezobulungiswa; lokho-ke kutjho bona umarhistradi namkha isiphathiswa sezokuthula (ekubalwa hlangana nazo nesiphathimandla esithunyiweko semaPholiseni wakwa-SAPS). Isiphathimandla sezobulungiswa siqala ilwazi eliphambi kwaso, bese sisebenzisa umbonwaso ukuqala bona isetjho liyafuneka namkha alifuneki na, nakube liyafuneka bese sikhupha incwadi yokusetjha. Ngalokho-ke ukuthola incwadi yesetjho kuyindlela yokuqinisekisa bona ilungelo lomuntu lokuziphilela ipilwakhe yangeqadi lingacajelwa ngento engekho, ngombana ibanga lokobana kuyokusetjhwa lizakuhlolwa babantu abazijameleko.
Incwadi yokusetjha kungcono nayitholakala kusiphathimandla sezobulungiswa (umarhastrada namkha ijaji). Neemphathimandla ezithunyiweko nazo zinawo amandla wokukhupha incwadi yokusetjha, kodwana azikwazi ukuba nesandla ephenyweni elifunelwa incwadi yokusetjha. Isiphathimandla esithunyiweko kufuze bona sikwazi ukuzijamela, sikghone nokuqala izinto ngelihlo elingakatjhigami, kobanyana sizokwazi ukusebenzisa imininingwana yelwazi esinikelwe yona ukuthatha isiqunto sokuthi incwadi yokusetjha ikhutjhwe namkha ingakhutjhwa. Iimphathimandla ezithunyiweko zinawo amandla wokukhupha incwadi yokusetjha, ngalokho-ke amapholisa akangazazi ukusebenzisa lendlela ukuthola incwadi yokusetjha, khulu khulu nakunganamarhistradi otholakalako ngesikhatheso. Incwadi yokusetjha ekhutjhwe ngumarhistradi nesiphathimandla esithunyiweko ziyafana, ziyalingana nangamandla. Kungcono ukusetjha ngencwadi yokusetjha ekhutjhwe siphathimandla esithunyiweko kunokusetjha ngaphandle kwencwadi.
Isibawo sencwadi yokubopha kufuze bona sibe nelwazi elifungelweko elitjengisa amabanga azwakalako wokukholwa bona:
kunomlandu owenziweko namkha kunomlandu oseduze nokwenziwa;
kunezinto ezithileko ezibalwako emlandwini esele wenziwe namkha loyo osarerwako namkha ezingaba bufakazi ekwenziweni komlandu loyo; isigaba 20 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi; begodu izintwezo ziphethwe mumuntu othileko namkha zisendaweni ethileko.
Incwadi yokusetjha inikela imvumo yokuyokusetjha umuntu othileko namkha umuntu othileko, kufunwa into namkha izinto ezithileko.
Incwadi yokusetjha ilayela bona ngiyiphi indawo namkha iindawo ekufuze zisetjhwe.
Incwadi yokusetjha ilayela bona ngubani ekufuze asetjhwe (lapha-ke kungatjhiwo nabantu abangahle batholwe endaweni la kuthiwe akuyokusetjhwa khona).
Isetjho elikhutjhelwe incwadi yokusetjha kufuze bona lenziwe kusemini, ngaphandle-ke kokuthi kutjhiwo ngenye indlela, ngemva kobana ilunga liveze amabanga wobana kungani kuyosetjhwa ebusuku.
Incwadi yokusetjha ayiphelelwa mamandla kungakasetjhwa la kufuze kuyokusetjhwa khona namkha ibulawe mumuntu oyikhuphileko namkha ibulawe ngomunye onamandla alinganako naloyo oyikhuphileko.
Emveni kobana sekusetjhiwe, ikhophi yencwadi yokusetjha kufuze bona inikelwe umuntu ophulelwe amalungelo ngesetjhelo. Loyo-ke kuvamise bona kube mnikazi wendawo namkha kube mumuntu ohlala endaweni esetjhwako leyo, namkha kube mumuntu obekasetjhwa.
Incwadi yokusetjha isetjenziswe ngokuya kwemibandela ebekwe kiyo.
Kuyikambiso esetjenziswako-ke bona isetjho kufuze lenziwe phambi komnikazi wendawo esetjhwako namkha phambi komuntu ohlala endaweni esetjhwako leyo.
Amanothi
Umsebenzi 5.3
Indima Ekuqalwe Kiyo
Indinyana 5.5
Iminqopho
Umnqopho womsebenzi lo kubonisana ngesetjho lencwadi.
Amanothi Womethuli
Bonisana nabo ngemibuzo elandelako:
Ungayitholaphi incwadi yokusetjha
Ngimiphi imininingwana yelwazi ekufuze ibe sesibaweni sokusetjha
Bonisanani ngokuthi yini okuzakuba sencwadini yokusetjha.
Wenziwa nini umsebenzi wokusetjha
Kufanele na bona umnikazindawo namkha umuntu ohlala endaweni esetjhwako anikelwe ikhophi yencwadi yokusetjha
Yenza isirhunyezo.
Izinto Ekufuze Uzenze Nawenza Isirhunyezo
IMIPHUMELA YAMASETJHO ANGEKHO EMTHETHWENI NAMKHA AMASETJHO EQA AMANDLA WENCWADI YESETJHO
Bona iimphathimandla zikuthathela phezulu kangangani ukwephulwa kwamalungelo womuntu wokuziphilela ipilwakhe yangeqadi kufakazelwa mibandela yesigaba 28 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi. Isigabesi sithi ipholisa eliphambana nalokho okutjhiwo yincwadi yokusetjha, namkha elisetjha namkha lithumbe ipahla ngaphandle kokunikelwa amandla wokwenza njalo lizakutholwa linomlandu wobulelesi. Ungazimbi wegadango elinjalo elingekho emthethweni naye unelungelo lokuthi angayowamangalela amapholisa.
Isigaba28 asiyibali imilandu engahle ithweswe ipholisa elisetjhe indawo ngokungasimthetho namkha elithumbe ipahla ngokungasimthetho. Imilandu ekungammangalelwa ngawo amapholisa aphule umthetho njalo kungaba mlandu wokulimaza, wokubetha, wokona ipahla kanye newokweba.
Elinye ikhandelo kukobana isigaba 35 somThethosisekelo sithi ubufakazi obutholwe ngokwephula ilungelo elisemthethwenisisekelo kufuze bona bubekelwe ngeqadi bungafakwa ekugwetjweni komlandu, nakube ukuvunywa kobufakazobo kuzakwenza ukugwetjwa komlandu loyo kungakhambi ngendlela elungileko namkha nakube kuzakukhisimeza ikambiso yomthethobulungiswa. Lokhu-ke kutjho bona ubufakazi obunjalo angeze bavunywa ekhotho. Umphumela walokhu kungaba kbona ummangalelwa agcine atholwe anganamlandu.
Umsebenzi 5.4
Imizuzu esi-6
Indima Ekuqalwe Kiyo
Indinyana 5.6
Iminqopho
Umnqopho womsebenzi lo kubonisana ngemiphumela yesetjho elingekho emthethweni namkha isetjho eleqa amandla wencwadi yesetjho.
Amanothi Womethuli
Bawa abafundi bona baphendule imibuzo elandelako:
Uyini umphumela wokusetjha ngokungekho emthethweni
Amakhotho ayabuvuma na ubufakazi obutholakele ngesetjho elingekho emthethweni
Fundela abafundi isibonelwesi.
UmThetho OSuselwa EmiLandwini YaPhambilini
Emlandwini waka-S noMayekiso en Andere 1996 All SA 121 (C), ipholisa elaliphenya langena endaweni yommangalelwa wokuthoma ngaphandle kwencwadi yokusetjha labamba ipahla ethileko lapho, ekubalwa hlangana nayo neyayingesikhwameni sommangalelwa wesithathu. Ummangalelwa wokuthoma wavuma bona ingasetjhwa indawakhe, kodwana azange kube nobufakazi bokuthi nommangalelwa wesithathu naye wavuma bona isikhwama sakhe sisetjhwe. Ikhotho-ke yalawula bona isenzo sepholisa elasetjha lapho ngesamabomu nesokuphula ngabomu ilungelo lommangalelwa wesithathu lokuphila ipilwakhe yangeqadi. Ikhotho yabuye yalawula nokuthi abukho ubufakazi obabuhlanganisa ipahla eyathathwa ngesikhwameni nomlandu okuzwakala bona wenziwa, yabe yatjho nokutjho bona umnqopho wepholisa elabamba ipahla leyo kwakungeze kwaba kuvimbela ukubulawa kobufakazi obuphathekako.
ISETJHO NGAPHANDLE KWENCWADI YOKUSETJHA: ISIGABA 22 SOMTHETHO WEKAMBISO YEMILANDU YOBULELESI
Umthetho ovamileko nolungileko kbona kufuze kusetjhwe ngencwadi yokusetjha. Njengombana ukusetjha nokubamba ipahla kukukwephula amalungelo womuntu wangeqadi, umthetho othi kufuneka incwadi yokusetjha ukusetjha indawo namkha umuntu uyindlela ehle khulu yomthetho yokuvikela ukwephula kwelungelwelo. Umthetho lo ufuna bona amaqiniso akhona kufuze bona athome aqalwe mumuntu ongathathi hlangothi nonokuziphendulela okuhle ezintweni azenzako, ekuyena kufuze bona athathe isiqunto sokuthi liyezwakala na ibanga lepholisa lokuthi likholwa bona kuyinto efaneleko ukusetjha nokubamba ipahla. Nokho-ke lelivikeleko leqiswa amehlo lokhuya nakusetjhwa ngaphandle kwencwadi yokusetjha, kuthiwe bekungeke kukghonakale bona itholakale incwadi yokusetjha, ngaleyindlela-ke bekubonakale ungathi isetjhwelo lingelilungileko. Nasilinganisako, lokhu kwenzeka ebujameni bezinto la kufuneka khona igadango lamsinyana ukuqiniseka bona ubufakazi abubulawa. Ngesibanga yalokhu-ke, sikhona isibonelelo esenziweko salokhu, njengakusigaba 22 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi, isibonelelo esivumela ukusetjhwa kwendawo namkha umuntu ngaphandle kwencwadi yokusetjha.
Obunye Ubujamo La Ilungu Lingasetjha Khona Ngaphandle Kwencwadi Yokusetjha
Ekubotjhweni
Amapholisa kufuze bona umuntu amsetjhe nakambophako. Lokhu-ke kwenzeka ngaphandle kwencwadi yokusetjha, ngalokho-ke akukho emthethweni. Isigaba 23 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi sibonelela ngokusetjhwa komuntu obotjhiweko kunye neendawo, nakube umsolwa ubotjhwe ngaphasi kobujamo obuthileko. Ibanga lalokhu kuphephisa ubujamo bezinto, nokuvikela umuntu obotjhiweko bona angazilimazi, nokuvimbela bona ipholisa namkha nanyana ngubani omunye bangalinyazwa, kunye nokuthola ubufakazi ngomuntu obotjhiweko.
Ukuvuma
Nanyana iimfuneko zokusetjha ngaphandle kwencwadi yokusetjha zifana nje nalokha umuntu nakasetjha ngencwadi, amakhotho avamise ukuziphatha ngendlela engafaniko iindaba zakhona, begodu enza neqiniso lokuthi zoke iimfuneko zizalisekile umuntu nakasetjha ngaphandle kwencwadi. Nakusetjhwe ngaphandle kwencwadi, ikhotho ivamise ukuba nesandla esiqinaqinileko, ngombana isetjho elinjalo kutjho bona lenziwe ngaphandle kwesiqhema esizijameleko ekuthathweni kwesiqunto.
Umsebenzi 5.5
Indima Ekuqalwe Kiyo
Indinyana 5.7
Umnqopho
Umnqopho womsebenzi lo kubonisana ngokusetjha ngaphandle kwencwadi yokusetjha.
Imibuzo Neempendulo
Ipholisa livumelekile na bona lingasetjha ngaphandle kwencwadi yokusetjha Nakube livumelekile, kukunini la livumeleke khona
UmThetho oSuselwa emLandwini waPhambilini
Emlandwini waka-S noMotloutsi 1996 SACR 78 (C ), ikhotho yaqunta bona nakube kunesiphathimandla esithunywako, ukutlhogakala kwakamarhistradi ukunikela incwadi yokusetjha angeze kwamukeleke njengebanga lokungakayitholi incwadi yokusetjha.
Isigaba 22 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi: Ubujamo La Ipahla Ingabanjwa Khona Ngaphandle Kwencwadi Yokuksetjha.
Ipholisa lingasetjha nanyana ngubani, lisetjhe nanyana kukuphi, ngaphandle kwencwadi yokusetjha, ukube linqophe ukubamba nanyana ngimuphi umhlobo wepahla ekukhulunywa ngayo kusigaba 20.
a. nakube umuntu ekufuze asetjhwe namkha ekufuze kusetjhwe indawakhe uyavuma bona kusetjhwe, avume nokuthi ibanjwe ipahla efunekako leyo, namkha nakube umuntu ongavuma bona kusetjhwe indawo uyavuma bona nangambala akusetjhwe, avume nokuthi ingabanjwa ipahla efunekako lapho; namkha b. nakube kunamabanga azwakalako wokukholwa bona:
Uzakunikelwa incwadi yokusetjha, ngokwendinyana a yesigaba 211 nakabawa ukunikelwa incwadi yokusetjha leyo; begodu akholwa bona
Ukuriyada kokutholakala kwencwadi yokusetjha leyo kungafadalalisa umnqopho wesetjhwelo.
AMANOTHI WAKHO KOKE NGOKUZIPHATHA KWAMAPHOLISA NAKASETJHAKO NANYANA ATHUMBA IPAHLA
Soke isikhathi, nakusetjhwako nanyana kubanjwa ipahla kufuze bona koke lokho kwenziwe ngokucabangela isithunzi somuntu. Lokhu-ke kutjho bona abantu kufuze ubaphathe ngehlonipho, ngokunjalo nepahla nayo kufuze bona uyiphathe ngehlonipho, begodu akukafaneli bona kwenziwe umonakalo nokudungeka kwezinto ngento engekho. Igadango elihle kuphatha abanye abantu ngendlela wena ongafuna ukuphathwa ngayo. Lokhu-ke kukhambisana nesigaba 10 somThethosisekelo. UmThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi nawo unemihlahlandlela eqinisekisa bona koke isetjho nokuthunjwa kwepahla kuyayizalisa imibandela yokuhlonitjhwa kwesithunzi somuntu (isigaba 29 somThetho wemiLandu yobuLelesi).
Umuntu kufuze bona asetjhelwe ngemsitheleni, nakukghonakalako, nakasetjhwa emzimbeni. Lokhu-ke kwenzelelwa ukuvikela isithunzi somuntu. Nakube akunapholisa lomfazi ukusetjha abantu besifazi, ipholisa eliduna lingabawa nanyana ngimuntu umuntu wesifazi hlangana nabantu bomphakathi bona alisetjhele umuntu omfazi ekufuze asetjhwe lapho.
Okuqakathekileko
Ukusetjha umuntu udlulele nezithweni zakhe zangasese (njengesitho sobufazi nesitho sangemva sokuzithuma) kufuze bona kwenziwe ngudorhodera kwaphela. Isetjho elinjalo lingenziwa kwaphela nakube kunamabanga azwakalako enza kukholakale bona ipahla efunwako ekukhulunywa ngayo kusigaba 20 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi ingaba sezithweni zangasese namkha ezithweni ezifihlekileko zomuntu osetjhwako.
Umsebenzi 5.6
Indima Ekuqalwe Kiyo
Indinyana 5.8
Imibuzo Neempendulo
Bawa abafundi bona baphendule imibuzo elandelako:
Ipholisa eliduna lingamsetjha na umuntu wesifazi
Nakube akakho amapholisa abafazi, ipholisa eliduna kufuze bona lenzeni
Izinto Ekufuze Uzenze Nawenza Isirhunyezo
Isigaba 29 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi.
Isigaba 29 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandua yobuLelesi
Umsebenzi wokusetjha umuntu newokusetjha iindawo kufuze bona wenziwe ngehlonipho nangepatho ehle, kanti-ke umuntu wesifazi kufuze bona asetjhwe ngomunye umuntu wesifazi kwaphela, begodu nakube akunapholisa elimfazi, umuntu osetjhwako loyo angasetjhwa nanyana ngimuphi omunye umuntu wesifazi ongabawiwa lipholisa ukwenza njalo.
Amanothi Womethuli
UKUSETJENZISWA KWAMANDLA NAKUSETJHWAKO NANYANA KUTHUNJWA IPAHLA
Ipholisa elingasetjha umuntu namkha indawo ngokusemthethweni, namkha elingangena endaweni nanyana ngiyiphi kobanyana liyokuthola ubufakazi lingasebenzisa amandla anele kwaphela ukwehlula loyo namkha labo ekungenzeka bona balinga ukulivimba bona lingasetjhi godu lingangeni (isigaba 27 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi). Lokhu-ke kutjho bona ipholisa lingasebenzisa kwaphela amandla alingeneko afunekako ebujameni obuthileko. Ukulingana okufunekako kutjho bona musa ukusebenisa amandla nakube akunasidingo sokobana uwasebenzise. Ungasebenzisa amandla afunekako anele nalingene ukwehlula loyo osuke asendlelenakho ngombana alinga ukukuvimba namkha ukunghanghabala bona ungene la ufuna ukungena khona (isigaba 13 somThetho wamaPholisa wakwa-SAPS: Amandla amancancazana).
Ukusetjenziswa Kwamandla Ukungena Endaweni
Ngokwesigaba 27 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi, ipholisa livumelekile ukusebenzisa amandla aneleko, ukungena endaweni ukuyokusetjha. Ngaphambi kobana kungasetjenziswa amandla, ipholisa kufuze bona likhulume ngokuzwakalako lifune ukungena lapho, litjho nokuthi kubayini lifuna ukungena endaweni leyo. Ipholisa livumelekile bona liphule umnyango namkha ifesidiri bona likghone ukungena. Nokho-ke nakube akunasidingo sokobana lisebenzise amandla, alingawasebenzisi vele.
Kukhona-ke la izinto zikhanjiswa khona ngendlela ehlukileko. Nakube ipholisa linebanga elizwakalako lokukholwa bona into efunwako esetjhwenelo ingahle imotjhwe namkha ilahlwe nakube ukungena kufunwa ngokuzwakala begodu nebanga lokungena liyatjhiwo, ilunga lingasebenzisa amandla aneleko ngokukghonekako. Lokhu-ke kwenzeka nakube into esetjhwako / efunwako leyo yinto encancani, namkha nakube intoleyo isidakamizwa esincancani esingamotjhwa namkha silahlwe lula, njengokuthi nje siphoselwe edreyinini sikhambe namanzi namkha siginywe, namkha nakube ipilo yamapholisa ingena engozini ngokukokoda kwawo, njengokuthi nje amapholisa lawo nakaziko bona umuntu ongaphakathi unesigidi. Lomehluko-ke waziwa ngokuthi yindinyana yokungakokodi .
Amanothi
Umsebenzi 5.7
Indima Ekuqalwe Kiyo
Indinyana 5.9
Umnqopho
Umnqopho womsebenzi lo kubonisana ngokusetjenziswa kwamandla ekusetjhweni kwendawo kobanyana kuzokuthunjwa ipahla.
Amanothi Womethuli
Bawa abafundi babonisane ngalokhu okulandelako:
Ipholisa livunyelwe na ukusebenzisa amandla ukungena endaweni kobanyana liyokusetjha
Ipholisa livunyelwe na ukusebenzisa amandla ukuthumba ipahla
Bonisanani ngemithethokambiso esetjenziselwa ukusetjha nokuthumba ipahla.
Yenza isirhunyezo.
Izinto Ekufuze Uzisebenzise Nawenza Isirhunyezo
Amanothi ngesetjho nangokuthumba ipahla .
ISigaba 23 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu wobuLelesi Sinikela ipholisa amandla wokusetjha umuntu obotjhiweko lithumbe nepahla ezakutholakala kuye ekukhulunywa ngayo kusigaba 20 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi. Nakube ukusetjenziswa kwamandla kuyafuneka, angasetjenziswa amandla alingeneko. Nakwenziwa koke lokho-ke nokho kufuze bona kuhlale kukhunjulwa imithetho ephathelene nokusetjhwa kwabantu emzimbeni bekufike nezithweni ezifihlekileko.
Umthetho othi akusetjenziswe amandla amancazana kufuze bona uhlale uhlonitjhwa. Nakube akunamandla afunekako ukuthumba ipahla, musa ukuwasebenzisa.
Ukusetjenziswa Kwamandla Ukusetjha Iindawo Nokuthumba Ipahla
ISigaba 27 somThetho weKambiso yemiLandu yobuLelesi sivumela ukusetjenziswa kwamandla ngeminqopho emibili:
Ngomnqopho wokungena endaweni kobanyana kuyokusetjhwa;
Ngomnqopho wokwenza isetjho ngokwalo.
Amandla kufuze asetjenziswe kwaphela nakube umuntu oqalene nepholisa unghanghabala ngekani; nakhona lapho amandla kufuze asetjenziswe ngombana sekubhalelwe woke amanye amaqhinga ipholisa elingawasebenzisa. Ukusetjenziswa kwamandla kuba semthethweni kwaphela nakube isetjho lisemthethweni. Khumbula, nakube akunasidingo sokusebenzisa amandla, musa ukuwasebenzisa.
Iimbonelo:
Awukwazi ukuphula ilayi ivuleke ufuna umlelenjani. Awukwazi ukuphula isimumathi esikhanyelako la into engaphakathi kwesimumatheso ihlezi ebaleni ibonakala kuhle khona ngaphandle kokuphula.
Amanothi Ngesetjho Nangokubamba Ipahla
Setjha kwaphela la kunokwenzeka khona bona itholakale ipahla efunekako (Isibonelo: Umabonwakude angeze angena ngebhokisaneni lejuwelari).
Isetjho kufuze lenziwe ngemva kokuphuma kwelanga, nangaphambi kokutjhinga kwelanga, ngaphandle-ke kobana mhlamunye incwadi yesetjho ikhuluma ngenye indlela ehlukileko.
Nikela umnikazindawo esetjhwako ikhophi yencwadi yokusetjha nakayifunako, ngemva kobana kusetjhiwe.
Incwadi yokusetjha ingasetjenziswa kanye kwaphela.
Ukwephulwa kwamalungelo womuntu la kusetjhwa khona namkha yena osetjhwako kufuze bona kuncitjhiswe kube phasi khulu khulu, ngokulawulwa bujamo bezinto balapho.
Amandla angasetjenziswa kwaphela nasele kubonakala kubhala, ingasekho enye into engenziwa.
Khumbula:
Bona umnqopho womThethosisekelo ayisikho ukuvimbela ukuphenyisiswa kwemilandu, kodwana kuvikela amalungelo asisekelo wabantu boke.
IVIDIYO NGESETJHO NANGOKUTHUMBA IPAHLA
Kunevidiyo ye-10 lemizuzu NgeSetjho NangokuThumba Ipahla .
ISIRHUNYEZO / IMIBUZO
Iingaba 14 zomThethosisekelo zitjho bonani malungana nesetjho nokuthumba ipahla
Kungani kuyikambiso ehle ukuthola incwadi yokusetjha ngaphambi kobana uyokusetjha
Yini ekufuze bona kutlolwe encwadini yokusetjha
Yini umphumela wesetjho elingekho emthethweni namkha wesetjho eleqa igunya lokusetjha
Ipholisa livumelekile na bona lingasetjha ngaphandle kwencwadi yokusetjha
Yini ekufuze yenziwe lipholisa ngaphambi kobana lisebenzise amandla ukungena endaweni liyokusetjha namkha ngomnqopho wokusetjha nokuthumba Kukhona na okuhlukileko kilomthetho
Incwadi yokusetjha iphelelwa nini kusebenza, begodu ingasetjenziswa kangaki
Amanothi
Umsebenzi 5.8
Amanothi Womethuli
Tjengisa ividiyo ekhuluma ngokusetjha nangokuthumba ipahla.
Okuqakathekileko
Isigaba esimalungana nokuSetjha nokuThumba ipahla iza ngaphambi kwengcenye ekhuluma ngokuPhenywa kobuLelesi evidiyweni.
Umsebenzi 5.9
Umnqopho
Umnqopho womsebenzi lo kurhunyeza isifundwesi, nokuphendula yoke imibuzo engakaphendulwa.
Amanothi Womethuli
Ngemva kokubukela ividiyo, nikela isikhathi sokubonisana ngayo, bese wenza isirhunyezo salokho.
Imibuzo ingaba lisizo ukudosa lelihlelo lokubonisana.
AMATHRANSPHARENSI
Isetjho Nomboro1: Ilungelo Lokuziphilela Ipilwakho YaNgeqadi: Sigaba 14
Isetjho Nomboro 2: Isibawo Seencwadi Zokusetjha
Isetjho Nomboro 3: Amanothi Ngeencwadi Zokusetjha
Isetjho Nomboro 4: Amanothi Ngesetjho Nangokuthumba Ipahla
Umsebenzi 5.2
Umsebenzi 5.3
Umsebenzi 5.4
Umsebenzi 5.5
Umsebenzi 5.7
Umthombo Welwazi Nemitlolo Ekuphakanyiswa Bona Uyifunde
Amanothi
ILUNGELO LOKUZIPHILELA IPILWAKHO YANGEQADI
ISigaba 14 somThethosisekelo: Ukuziphilela Ipilwakho Yangeqadi
Omunye nomunye umuntu unelungelo lokuziphilela ipilwakhe yangeqadi, ekubalwa hlangana nalo nelungelo lokobana:
a. umuntu ngokwakhe namkha indawo ahlala kiyo ingasetjhwa;
b. indawo yabo ingasetjhwa;
c. ipahlabo ingathunjwa; begodu d. ilungelo labo lokuthintana nokukhulumisana nabakhulumisana nabo ngeqadi lingaphulwa.
IIMBAWO ZEENCWADI ZOKUSETJHA
Isibawo sencwadi yokusetjha kufuze bona sibe nemininingwana efungelweko etjengisa bona kunamabanga azwakalako enza kukholakale bona:
kunobulelesi obenziweko namkha obuseduze nokwenziwa;
kunezinto ezithileko ezibalwako ekwenziweni kobulelesobo namkha obuhloswe ukwenziwa namkha ezingahle zibe bufakazi bokuthi kunobulelesi obenziweko;
izintwezo ziphethwe mumuntu othileko namkha zisendaweni ethileko.
Incwadi yokusetjha izakunikela amandla wokusetjha umuntu othileko namkha iindawo ezithileko, kufunwa ipahla ethileko namkha izinto ezithileko.
AMANOTHI NGEENCWADI ZOKUSETJHA
Incwadi yokusetjha ikhomba iindawo ezithileko ekufuze bona zisetjhwe.
Incwadi yokusetjha ikhomba umuntu ekufuze asetjhwe (lapha-ke kungabalwa nanyana ngubani otholakala endaweni ekufuze isetjhwe).
Incwadi yokusetjha isetjwenziswa emini (kusetjhwa emini), ngaphandle-ke kokuthi mhlamunye kutjhiwo ngenye indlela.
Incwadi yokusetjha ihlala isebenza beyisetjenziswe namkha icinywe mumuntu oyikhuphileko namkha onamandla afanako naloyo oyikhuphileko.
Ikhophi yencwadi yokusetjha kufuze bona inikelwe umuntu ilungelo lakhe elingahle lithinteke, ekuvamise bona kube mnikazi namkha umuntu ohlala endaweni la kuyokusetjhwa khona.
Incwadi yokusetjha kufuze bona isetjenziswe kwaphela ngokulandela imibandela etjhiwo kiyo incwadi.
Incwadi yokusetjha isebenza kanye kwaphela.
AMANOTHI NGOKUSETJHA NANGOKUTHUMBA IPAHLA
Setjha kwaphela eendaweni la kunokwenzeka khona bona zitholakale izinto ezifunekako.
Isetjho kufuze lenziwe emini ngemva kokuphuma kwelanga, nangaphambi kokutjhinga kwelanga ngaphandle-ke kokuthi kutjhiwo ngenye indlela.
Nikela umnikazi wendawo esetjhwako namkha ohlala kiyo ikhophi yencwadi yesetjho nakayifunako, ngemva kokusetjha indawo leyo.
Nokho-ke incwadi yokusetjha kufuze bona itjengiswe umuntu ohlala lapho namkha umnikazi wendawo esetjhwako leyo, ngaphambi kobana kuthonywe kusetjhwe, nakube umuntu walapho ukhona.
Kuyikambiso elungileko bona kusetjhwe umnikazindawo namkha umuntu ohlala endaweni leyo akhona naye.
Kufuze kulingwe ngesikhathi soke bona ukuphulwa kwamalungelo womuntu ekusetjhwa indawakhe kube kuncancazana, ngokulawulwa bujamo bezinto.
Amandla angasetjenziswa kwaphela nakube vele nakanjani kufuzile asetjenziswe.
UMSEBENZI 5.2
Tlola iimbonelo zamalungelo angaqinteliswa ngesetjho nangokuthumba ipahla.
Fundisisa indinyana yokuqintelisa ekhasini 6 lencwajana yokusebenzela bese uyahlola bona isetjho nokuthumba ipahla kungathathwa njengokuphulwa kwamalungelo womuntu okulungileko na.
UMSEBENZI 5.3
Ungayitholaphi incwadi yokusetjha
Ngiyiphi imininingwana ekufuze ibe sesibaweni sencwadi yokusetjha
Bonisanani ngalokho ekufuze kube sencwadini yokusetjha.
Kufuze kusetjhwe nini
Kufuzile na unikele umnikazindawo namkha umuntu ohlala endaweni esetjhwako incwadi yokusetjha
UMSEBENZI 5.4
Yini umphumela wokusetjha ngokungasimthetho
Amakhotho ayabamukela / ayabuvuma na ubufakazi obutholakele ngesetjho elingekho emthethweni
UMSEBENZI 5.5
Ipholisa livumelekile na bona lingasetjha ngaphandle kwencwadi yokusetjha, nakube kunjalo likwenza nakwenzenjani lokho
UMSEBENZI 5.6
Ipholisa eliduna lingamsetjha na umuntu wengubo
Nakube akunapholisa lengubo, ipholisa eliduna kufuze lenzeni
UMSEBENZI 5.7
Ipholisa lingawasebenzisa na amandla ukungena endaweni liyokusetjha
Ipholisa lingawasebenzisa na amandla ukuthumba ipahla
ISAHLUKO 7
Amalungelo Wobuntu Nokuziphatha
AMALUNGELO WOBUNTU NOKUZIPHATHA
Umtlamo Wesifundo
Iminqopho
Isingeniso
Ukuphulwa Kwamalungelo Wobuntu Nokuziphatha
Ukubhalelwa Kwepholisa Kuhlonipha Amalungelo Wobuntu
Kufuze Lenzeni Ipholisa Nalibona Elinye Ipholisa Liphula Amalungelo
Wobuntu
IPhiko eliLalela IinLilo NgamaPholisa (i-ICD) Lenzani Lokhuya Elinye
Ipholisa Namkha Ilungu Lomphakathi Nalisa Isililo Ku-ICD
Umthethokambiso Wokulungileko Nokuphathwa Kuhle
Isenzo sezokuPhatha esiLungileko
Isirhunyezo / Imibuzo
Amathranspharensi
Iincwajana Zelwazi
IMIZUZU EMA-60
UMTLAMO WESIFUNDO
Okungaphakathi Ekufuze Kwenziwe Isikhathi
Iminqopho
Umsebenzi 7.1 Funda iminqopho
Isingeniso
Umsebenzi 7.2: Ividiyo, ukubonisana
Imizuzu ema-20
Ukuphulwa Kwamalungelo Wobuntu Nokuziphatha
Umsebenzi 7.3: Ukubonisana Kwesiqhema
Imizuzu ema-25
Ukubhalelwa Kwepholisa Kuhlonipha Amalungelo Wobuntu
Kufuze Lenzeni Ipholisa Nalibona Elinye Ipholisa Liphula Amalungelo Wobuntu
IPhiko EliLalela IinLilo NgamaPholisa (i-ICD) Lenzani Lokhuya Elinye Ipholisa Namkha Ilungu Lomphakathi Nalisa Isililo Ku-ICD
Umsebenzi 7.4: Ukubonisana
Umthethokambiso Wokulungileko Nokuphathwa Kuhle (igadango lokuphathwa kuhle ngomthethobulungiswa)
Isirhunyezo / Imibuzo
Umsebenzi 7.5: Imibuzo, ukubonisana
IMINQOPHO
Ngemva kokuqeda lesisahluko, abafundi kufuze bakghone ukwazi mokuhlathulula - kungenzekani (imiphumela yokwenza) lokhuya ipholisa naliphula amalungelo wobuntu;
bona ipholisa kufuze lenzeni lokhuya nalibona kuphulwa amalungelo wobuntu;
umthethokambiso wokulungileko nokulingana (igadango lokuphathwa kuhle ngomthethobulungiswa ); kunye nendima yePhiko lamaPholisa eliLalela iinLilo ngamaPholisa (i-ICD) ekuqinisekiseni ukuziphatha kuhle kwamapholisa ngokukhambisana nomThethosisekelo.
Umsebenzi 7.1
Indima Ekuqalwe Kiyo
Indinyana 7.1
Umnqopho
Umnqopho womsebenzi lo kunikela iminqopho yesifundwesi.
Amanothi Womethuli
Fundela abafundi iminqopho yomsebenzi lo.
Babuze bona bayayizwisisa na iminqopho le.
Bahlathulule yona la kufuneka khona.
ISINGENISO
AmaLungelo wobuNtu ngewomuntu woke eSewula Afrika, ngitjho namapholisa imbala. Elinye nelinye ilungelo lobuntu likhambisana nokuziphendulela. Enye ingcenye yokuziphendulela kwawo woke amalungu webutho lamapholisa lakwa-SAPS, njengombana liliphiko lomBuso nje, kuhlonipha nokuvikela isithunzi sobuntu kibo boke abantu kunye nokubabalela amalungelo wabo boke abantu. AmaPholisa athwele umsebenzi osibopho wokusebenzela umphakathi nokwenza umsebenzawo ngokuzihlonipha nangendlela ekusebenza ngayo abantu abawufundiselweko umsebenzi.
Umsebenzi 7.2
Imizuzu ema-20
Indima Ekuqalwe Kiyo
Indinyana 7.2
Amanothi Womethuli
Bawa abafundi bona bafunde isigaba 7 somThethosisekelo, iNcwajana yokuSebenzela ikhasi 5 bese babonisane ngalokho okutjhiwo sigabesi.
Ngaphambi kobana udlale ividiyo, tjela abafundi bona babukele ividiyo le ngomkhumbulo wokuphulwa kwamalungelo wobuntu. Abacabange godu nangokuthi ukuphulwa kwamalungelo wobuntu la kuzakuthikameza njani ukuziphatha kwamapholisa nendima yabokhomanda bamapholisa wakwa-SAPS.
Badlalele ividiyo yokuZiphatha / Imithetho YamaPholisa NokuPhathwa Kwawo .
Ngemva kokubukela ividiyo, babuze ngekade bakubukele, ngokusebenzisa indlela egegako, ubabuze ngamunye ngamunye bona bacabangani ngevidiyo ebebayibukele malungana namalungelo wobuntu nomsebenzi wobupholisa.
Izinto Ekufuze Uzisebenzise
Amalungelo: ISigaba 7 somThethosisekelo
UKUPHULWA KWAMALUNGELO WOBUNTU NOKUZIPHATHA
Ukukhandela ubulelesi ngepumelelo elizweni leSewula Afrika ngaphandle kokwephula amalungelo wobuntu kufuna ibutho lamapholisa elinemithetho emihle yokuziphatha. Ukuphulwa kwamalungelo wabantu mapholisa kuzakuhlala kuthathwa njengomlandu omumbi wokungaziphathi kuhle, ngalokho-ke kuzakuhlala kuphathwa ngesandla esiqine mbala.
Iimbonelo zokwephulwa kwamalungelo wobuntu:
Ukubopha umuntu ngokungasimthetho;
Ukuvalela umuntu ngokungasimthetho;
Ukutlhorisa;
Ukuphatha abantu ababotjhiweko ngesihluku
Ukuphatha abantu abavalelweko ngesihluku;
Ukukhahlumeza abantu abalethe iinLilo nokukhahlumeza abongazimbi bokuphathwa kumbi;
Ukusetjha nokuthumba ipahla ngokungasimthetho;
Ukusebenzisa amandla ngokweqileko;
Ukuphenya ngeendlela ezingekho emthethweni;
Nayikuthi ipholisa lazi namkha libona ukwephulwa kwamalungelo wobuntu begodu alenzi litho;
Ukurhobela isandla somthetho (ukufihla ubulelesi).
Ukubhalelwa Kwepholisa Kuhlonipha Amalungelo Wobuntu Kungabanga Lokhu Okulandelako:
Ubufakazi obutholakele ngesibanga sokwephulwa kwamalungelo wobuntu bungatjhiywa, kanti-ke lokho kungabangela bona abantu abanemilandu bahlanjululwe.
Ipholisa elibhalelwe kuhlonipha amalungelo wobuntu lizakuthathelwa amagadango wokukhalinywa.
Lizakuvulelwa umlandu ipholisa.
Lingaqotjhwa khonokho ipholisa qala isigaba 361 somThetho wamaPholisa wakwa-SAPS: Nakube ligwetje ukuyokudosa ejele langavunyelwa ihlawulo.
UmBuso ungavulelwa umlandu wombango.
Ukwemukwa kwelungelo lokujanyelwa mBuso (ukujanyelwa magqwetha womBuso) emlandwini wobulelesi (lokhu-ke kutjho bona ipholiselo kuzakufuneka bona lizibonisele bona lilithathaphi igqwetha, nokuthi lilithola njani, begodu kufuze bona lizibhadalele lona).
Ukwemukwa kwepholisa ilungelo lokujanyelwa mbuso emilandwini yombango (lokhu-ke kutjho bona ipholiselo kuzakufuneka bona lizibhadale zoke iindleko zomBuso: iindleko zomonakalo, neendleko zamagqwetha).
Ukuziphendulela emphakathini.
Amapholisa weenkhundla eziphakemeko azakubekwa umlandu ngokwephulwa kwamalungelo wobuntu nakube amalungelo lawo ephulwa zisazi, namkha nakube bekufuzile zazile ngokwephulwa kwawo kodwana azange zenze litho ngalokho.
AmaPholisa kufuze bona athole ukulitjalelwa ekutjhutjhisweni namkha ekuthathelweni amagadango wokukhalinywa nakale imilayo engekho emthethweni ebuya eenkhulwini ezongameleko.
Ipholisa alikwazi ukuvika ngokuthi liphule amalungelo wobuntu bona batjho belisenza elikuthunywe sikhulu salo.
Kufuze Lenzeni Ipholisa Nalibona Elinye Ipholisa Liphula Amalungelo Wobuntu
Ipholiselo kufuze:
livimbe ipholisa elilibona liphula amalungelo, lilitjele bona elikwenzako akukalungi; namkha / begodu libike isenzweso kukhomanda walo namkha kesinye isikhulu samapholisa; namkha / begodu libike isenzweso esikhulwini esiphethe iindaba zokukhalinywa kwamapholisa; namkha / begodu libikele iPhiko eliLalela iinLilo ngamaPholisaa ( i-ICD ); namkha / begodu libikele iKomitjhini yamaLungelo wobuNtu, namkha / begodu libikele umVikeli womPhakathi ngesenzweso.
Nayikuthi ukwephulwa kwelungelo lobuntu ngalendlela kubuye godu kube mlandu wobulelesi, kufuze kuvulwe idokhethi yomlandu loyo.
Ukwephulwa Kwamalungelo Wobuntu Kungahle Kubangele Ukuthathwa Kwamagadango Wokukhalima
Iphenyo lokukhalinywa kufuze bona libe msinyana, liphenyisise, begodu lingathathi ihlangothi. (Akunasidingo sokobana kulindelwe ukuqedwa kwephenyo lemilandu yobulelesi).
Iphenyo la kufuze bona lifune ukuthola abongazimbi bona bobani, lithole belibulunge ubufakazi, lithole abofakazi, lithole unobangela wokwenziwa komlandu, lithole nokuthi lenziwe njani umlandu, kuphi, nini, bese kutholakala nabenzi bomlandu loyo bese bayabotjhwa.
Indawo la kwenzeke khona umlandu kufuze bona iphathwe ngokutjheja nangokuyelela.
Amanothi
Okuqakathekileko
IPhiko Elilalela IinLilo NgamaPholisa (I-ICD) Lenzani Lokhuya Elinye Ipholisa Namkha Ilungu Lomphakathi Nalisa Isililo Ku-ICD
I-ICD ingaphenya ngesililo, khulu khulu nakube sililo esiphathelene nokufa komuntu asekuvalelweni, afa ngesibanga sesenzo samapholisa. I-ICD ingathumela isililweso emapholiseni kobanyana aphenye ngaso, bese yona-ke ibeka ilihlo bona kuphenywa njani. Ekupheleni kwephenyo, i-ICD ingenza iimphakamiso zokuthi ipholisa igama lalo elibalwako esililweneso lingavulelwa umlandu wobulelesi namkha lingathathelwa amagadango wokukhalinywa na.
Kukwakha ithemba lomphakathi emsebenzi wamaPholisa wakwa-SAPS nangomsebenzi we-ICD wokuqalana nokungaziphathi kuhle:
ngokunikela umphakathi ngendlela nethuba lokuba nesandla ekuphathweni kweenlilo;
ngokuphambukisa iinsolo ezingekho ngamapholisa;
ngokuhlukanisa amapholisa aphikelele ngokona ngaphakathi kwebutho lakwa-SAPS;
ngokufakazela ukuthembeka kwamapholisa emizameni yawo yokulinga ukutjhugulula umsebenzi wamapholisa ngendlela yokuthi umphakathi uzowahlonipha amapholisa, uhloniphe nomsebenzawo; begodu nangokulekelela ekuletheni amatjhuguluko kwa-SAPS ngendlela yokuthi i-SAPS izokuba liphiko elifanele ukuhlonitjhwa mphakathi, befuthi nangambala eliyitholako ihlonipho leyo emphakathini, ekukhandeleni nekulweni nobulelesi.
Ukukhandela ukuziphatha kwamapholisa ngendlela engakalungi:
ngokucozulula iinLilo ukuthola imiraro ezibuyelelako emsebenzini wamapholisa, nokuthola ikambiso elandelwako khona kunye nokuthola indlela yokwelusa indlela ekusetjenzwa ngayo;
ngokuyelelisa amapholisa kusese nesikhathi ngemiraro eyenzeka ngokuhleleka namkha ngamapholisa agangako;
ngokunikela intatha engasetjenziselwa ukucitha lokho okubange bona bekube nesililo;
ngokusebenza ngeenlilo ezenziwe ngamapholisa ngendlela elungileko neqalelela amahlangothi woke ngaphandle kokukhetha.
Umsebenzi 7.3
Imizuzu ema-25
Indima Ekuqalwe
Indinyana 7.3
Umnqopho
Umnqopho womsebenzi lo kukwenza amapholisa acabange ngokuphulwa kwamalungelo wobuntu mapholisa, nokubonisana ngemiphumela yokuphulwa kwamalungelo lawo.
Ukubonisana Kweenqhema: i-10 lemizuzu
Ukubonisana nje ngalokhuya nangalokhuya: imizuzu emi-4
Amanothi Womethuli
Hlukanisa abafundi ngeenqhema ezingadluliko ebantwini aba-5.
Bawa esinye nesinye isiqhema bona senze lokhu okulandelako: (Sebenzisa ithranspharensi: Umsebenzi 7.3)
Tlola lokho ekufuze kwenziwe lipholisa nalibona kwephulwa ilungelo lobuntu.
Tlola izinto ezingenzeka ipholisa nalephula amalungelo wobuntu.
Bawa esinye nesinye isiqhema bona senze isibonelo sinye ngalokho ekufuze kwenziwe lipholisa. Bawa iinqhema zoke beziphelele. Buyelela godu ukhambe ngayo ikambiso leyo sewufuna iimbonelo zemiphumela yepholisa eliphula amalungelo wobuntu kwanjesi.
Bawa omunye wabafundi ukutlola phasi lokhu efliptjhatini namkha ebhodini.
Vala ikulumakho ngokubonisana kwalokhuya nalokhuya.
Yenza isirhunyezo.
Izinto Ekufuze Uzisebenzise Nawenza Isirhunyezo
UMTHETHOKAMBISO WOKULUNGILEKO NOKUPHATHWA KUHLE
Isenzo sezokuphatha esilungileko
NGEKOMTHWASISI
Nakuphenywa ngokwephulwa kwamalungelo wobuntu, iphenyo kufuze lenziwe msinyana, lenziwe kuhle, lenzisiswe, begodu lenziwe ngaphandle kokukhetha. Lokhu-ke kusisekelo sesenzo sezokuphatha esilungileko.
Isenzo sezokuphatha esilungileko iTjhejuli 6, I-Ayithemu 232b yomThethosisekelo.
Isigaba 331 no 2 kufuze zithathwe ngokuthi zifundeka ngendlela elandelako:
Omunye nomunye umuntu unelungelo:
a. lokwenzelwa isenzo sezokuphatha esisemthethweni lapho elinye lamalungelwakhe namkha ikareko yakhe iyathinteka namkha isengozini;
b. lokwenzelwa isenzo sekambiso yezokuphatha okulungileko lapho elinye lamalungelwakhe aphulwe khona namkha nakube lokho akulindele ngokufanelekileko kuyathinteka namkha kulengela engozini;
c . lokunikelwa amabanga atlolwe phasi ngesenzo sezokuphatha esithinta elinye lamalungelwakhe namkha ikareko yakhe ngaphandle kwalokha amabanga wesenzweso azisiwe;
d. lokuthola isenzo sezokuphatha esifaneleko nasiqala ibanga elinikelwe ngesenzweso lapho elinye lamalungelwakhe lithinteka namkha lisengozini khona.
Ukulunga Okunamandla Ngokubonakalako
Lokhu-ke kutjho bona kufanele kube nebanga elizwakalako nelihle lesenzo sezokuphatha esizakuthathwa (isibonelo, ukujamisa, amagadango wokukhalima, ukudlulisa, ukuphakanyiselwa esikhundleni somsebenzi esiphezulu, njll.).
Ukulunga Ngokwekambiso
Lokhu-ke kutjho bona woke amagadango wezokuphatha kufanele kube ngalungileko ngokwekambiso. Lokhu kutjho bona imithetho yobulungiswa bemvelo kufuze bona ihlonitjhwe. Imithetho leyo-ke ngile:
Lokhu-ke kutjho bona ipholisa kufuze:
linikelwe woke amaphuzu wokuzindlekela nawokucatjangelwa;
linikelwe isikhathi esaneleko sokubeka yalo indaba nelalo ihlangothi;
linikele ithuba lokubeka yalo indaba.
laziswe ngokupheleleko ngamabanga wegadango lomthethobulungiswa elithathelwa lona (igadango lokulikhalima ipholiselo);
Lokhu-ke kutjho bona loyo othunywe ukwengamela umsebenzi abe lilihlo lawo kufuze bona asebenze:
ngokuqalelela izinto mahlangothi woke;
ngokuthembeka; kunye nangaphandle kokukhetha nokutjhigamela ngancanye.
Umsebenzi 7.4
Indima Ekuqalwe Kiyo
Indinyana 7.3.3
Umnqopho
Umnqopho womsebenzi lo kukwenza amapholisa acabange ngendima ye-ICD ekuqinisekiseni bona amapholisa ayawaphumelelisa amalungelo wobuntu.
Amanothi Womethuli
Bawa abafundi bona baphendule imibuzo elandelako nasi:
Kungani
Qedelela ngezinto zoke, lokhuya nalokhuya.
Yenza isirhunyezo
Izinto Ekufuze Uzisebenzise Nawenza Isirhunyezo
ISIRHUNYEZO / IMIBUZO
Kungani ukuziphatha kuqakathekile kwa-SAPS
Ukuthwasiswa kungaba yingcenye yamagadango athathelwa ukulungisa umraro wokuphulwa kwamalungelo wobuntu na
Akhe utjho eminye imihlobo namkha ezinye iindlela zokwephulwa kwamalungelo wobuntu kwa-SAPS ozaziko.
Ipholisa kufuze lenzeni nalibona omunye aphula amalungelo wobuntu
Kungenzekani epholiseni eliphula amalungelo wobuntu
AMATHRANSPHARENSI
Iimbonelo zokuphulwa kwamalungelo wobuntu: Ukuziphatha Namba 1.
Ukubhalelwa kuhlonipha amalungelo wobuntu kungabanga lokhu okulandelako: Ukuziphatha Namba 2.
Umsebenzi 7.3
IPhiko eliLalela iinLilo ngamaPholisa - i-ICD.:
IINCWAJANA ZELWAZI
Incwajana Yelwazi 7.1
Amanothi
Umsebenzi 7.4
Umnqopho
Umnqopho womsebenzi lo kurhunyeza isifundwesi, nokuphendula nanyana ngimiphi imibuzo eseleko.
Amanothi Womethuli
Imibuzo le ingasiza ukukhambisa isifundwesi, isize nokuveza bona ngiziphi iindaba ezisaleleko kwangakhulunywa ngazo.
AMALUNGELO WOBUNTU NOBUPHOLISA: UMGADANGISO WOKUTHOMA KA-1999
IIMBONELO ZOKWEPHULWA KWAMALUNGELO WOBUNTU
Ukubopha umuntu ngokungasimthetho
Ukubamba /ukuvalela umuntu ngokungasimthetho
Ukutlhorisa;
Ukuphatha abantu ababotjhiweko nabavalelweko ngesihluku
Ukukhahlumeza abantu abalethe iinLilo nokukhahlumeza abongazimbi bokuphathwa kumbi;
Ukusetjha ngokungasimthetho nokubamba ipahla ngokunagsimthetho;
Ukusebenzisa amandla ngokweqileko;
Ukuphenya ngeendlela ezingekho emthethweni;
Ukuliselela kwepholisa ukuphulwa kwamalungelo wabantu lingenzi litho ngalokho;
Ukurhobela isandla somthetho (ukufihla umlandu).
Ukubhalelwa Kwepholisa Kuhlonipha Amalungelo Wobuntu Kungabanga Lokhu Okulandelako:
Ubufakazi obutholakele ngesibanga sokwephula kwamalungelo wobuntu angeze bamukelwa, kanti-ke lokho kungabangela bona abantu abanemilandu bahlanjululwe.
Amagadango wokukhalinywa.
Lizakuvulelwa umlandu ipholisa.
Lingaqotjhwa khonokho ipholisa (qala isigaba 36) somThetho wamaPholisa wakwa-SAPS:
UmBuso ungavulelwa umlandu wombango.
Ukwemukwa kwelungelo lokujanyelwa mBuso (ukujanyelwa magqwetha womBuso) emlandwini wobulelesi.
Ukwemukwa kwepholisa ilungelo lokujanyelwa mbuso emilandwini yemibango.
Ukuziphendulela emphakathini.
UMSEBENZI 7.3
Ipholisa kufuze lenzeni nalibona kwephulwa amalungelo wobuntu
Kungenzekani nange ipholisa lingephulela umuntu amalungelo wobuntu
UMSEBENZI 7.4
Kubayini
Incwajana Yelwazi: IPhiko eliLalela IinLilo ngamaPholisa i-ICD
IPhiko eliLalela iinLilo ngamaPholisa (i-ICD) yihlangano yomthetho elawulwa zizakhamuzi, eyasungulwa ngokweSigaba 222 somThethosisekelo wesiKhatjhana (umThetho wenomboro 2000 ka-1993) neSahluko 10 somThetho wamaPholisa weSewula Afrika (umThetho wenomboro 68 ka-1995).
UMNQOPHO
Kuphuhlisa nokukhuthaza ukuziphatha okuhle emapholiseni.
IKGHONAKALISO YOMNQOPHO
Ngokuveza indlela evulela izakhamuzi ukuba nelizwi ekuqalaneni neenlilo.
Ngokuphambukisa iinsolo ezingekho/ezinganasisekelo ngamapholia.
Ngokufakazela ukuthembeka kwamapholisa emizameni yawo yokutjhugulula umsebenzawo abe ahlonitjhwe mphakathi.
Ngokulekelela ukutjhugulula umsebenzi wamaPholisa ube yihlangano efanele nethola ukuhlonitjhwa, beyisekelwe mphakathi ekukhandeleni nekucitheni ubulelesi.
Ukukhandela Ukuziphatha KwamaPholisa Ngendlela Engakalungi:
Ngokucozulula iinLilo ukuthola imiraro ezibuyelelako emsebenzini wamapholisa, emikghweni yawo nekongameleni;
ngokuyelelisa amapholisa kusese nesikhathi ngemiraro eyenzeka ngokuhleleka namkha ngamapholisa agangako;
ngokunikela isiyeleliso esitholakele ngokwenza irhubhululo lokurarululwa kwemiraro eletha iinghonghoyilo;
ukuqalana neenlilo zamapholisa ngendlela elungileko neqalelela amahlangothi woke ngaphandle kokukhetha.
NGIZIPHI IINLILO EZITJHEJWA YI-ICD
Emalungana nokufela komuntu ekuvalelwenii namkha ngesibanga sesenzo samapholisa.
Emalungana nokuba nesandla kwamapholisa ebulelesini njengokudlelezela, ukweba, nokulimaza abantu ngokubabetha.
Emalungana nokuziphatha kwamaPholisa okwalelwe miThetjhwana yebuPholiseni njengokuliselela umsebenzi nje, namkha ukubhalelwa kukhambisana neRhelo lokuziPhatha kwamaPholisa.
IKAMBISO YOKUSEBENZA NGEENLILO KU-ICD
Nanyana i-ICD ilinga ukuphenya yoke imilandu nokungaziphathi kuhle ekuzwakala bona kwenziwe amaPholisa wakwa-SAPS, umThetho omalungana nalokhu uyayivumela i-ICD bona eminye imilandu idluliselwe kwa-SAPS kobanyana iyokuphenywa khona. Malungana nemilandu leyo ethunyelwa ukuyokuphenywa yi-SAPS, i-ICD ingabeka ilihlo iqale bona likhamba njani iphenyo ngemilandu leyo. Laphokhunye i-ICD ibeka ilihlo ephenyweni ngokubeka imihlahlandela okufuze ilandelwe ephenywenelo.
Incwajana Yelwazi: IPhiko eliLalela iinLilo ngamaPholisa i-ICD.
AMALUNGELO WOBUNTU NOBUPHOLISA: UMGADANGISO WOKUTHOMA KA-1999
